Research methods in psychology worksheet with answers

In an experiment, the control group is the group that:

1. AIs made up of volunteers only
2. BContains the researchers themselves
3. CReceives the strongest version of the treatment, to show its maximum effect
4. DDoes not receive the experimental treatment, providing a baseline

In a naturalistic observation, the researcher:

1. AObserves behaviour in its usual setting without manipulating variables
2. BRandomly assigns participants to conditions
3. CAsks participants to complete a questionnaire about their everyday behaviour
4. DControls the environment in a laboratory

A study that follows the same participants over a long period of time is called:

1. AA cross-sectional study
2. BA longitudinal study
3. CA case study
4. DA pilot study

In a repeated measures design, order effects can be controlled by:

1. ASingle-blind procedures
2. BRandom sampling
3. CUsing a larger sample only
4. DCounterbalancing

Split-half reliability involves:

1. ASplitting the sample into an experimental and a control group and comparing their scores
2. BUsing two observers for half the sessions each
3. CTesting two halves of the sample at different times
4. DComparing scores on two halves of the same test to check internal consistency

To obtain a sample with the same proportions of first-, second- and third-year students as the university population, a researcher should use:

1. AOpportunity sampling
2. BVolunteer sampling
3. CSnowball sampling
4. DStratified sampling

A 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA shows that a drug improves memory in young adults but not in older adults. What has been found?

1. AA floor effect
2. BOnly a main effect of age
3. CA Type I error
4. DAn interaction between drug and age

Effect size measures such as Cohen's d are reported because they:

1. AShow how large an effect is, regardless of sample size
2. BShow whether the result is statistically significant at the chosen alpha level
3. CTell how many participants dropped out
4. DReplace the need for any hypothesis