1.Easy
Helping another person without expecting anything in return is called:
- ASocial exchange
- BCompliance
- CReciprocity
- DAltruism
2.Easy
Overestimating how much other people notice our appearance or behaviour is called the:
- AActor–observer bias
- BHalo effect
- CFalse consensus effect
- DSpotlight effect
3.Easy
The frustration–aggression hypothesis states that:
- AFrustration leads to withdrawal rather than aggression
- BBeing blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- CActing aggressively always removes the frustration
- DAggression is learned only by watching other people
4.Medium
Groupthink is most likely when a group:
- AIs highly cohesive, isolated and led by a directive leader
- BSeeks advice from outside experts
- CUses a formal devil's advocate
- DContains many members who openly disagree and challenge the leader's views
5.Medium
On a New York subway, a man who collapsed while carrying a cane was helped more often than a man who smelt of alcohol. Which model best explains this?
- AThe matching hypothesis
- BSocial identity theory
- CThe empathy–altruism hypothesis
- DThe arousal: cost–reward model
6.Medium
Tom says he tripped because the floor was wet, but when he sees someone else trip he thinks they are clumsy. This is the:
- AHalo effect
- BFalse consensus effect
- CSelf-serving bias
- DActor–observer bias
7.Hard
Kunst-Wilson and Zajonc showed octagons too briefly to be recognised. Later, participants could not tell old from new shapes but preferred the ones shown before. This suggests:
- APeople always know which shapes they have seen before
- BLiking depends only on what can be consciously remembered from before
- CMere exposure can raise liking without conscious recognition
- DVery brief exposure tends to reduce liking for a shape
8.Hard
Zanna and Cooper gave participants a placebo pill, telling some it would make them tense. After writing a counter-attitudinal essay, those told the pill causes tension showed little attitude change. This supports the idea that:
- APlacebo pills themselves cause attitude change
- BDissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
- CSelf-perception theory explains all attitude change
- DWriting essays never changes people's attitudes
Answer key
- 1. D · Altruism
- 2. D · Spotlight effect
- 3. B · Being blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- 4. A · Is highly cohesive, isolated and led by a directive leader
- 5. D · The arousal: cost–reward model
- 6. D · Actor–observer bias
- 7. C · Mere exposure can raise liking without conscious recognition
- 8. B · Dissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
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