1.Easy
The evolutionary idea that people are more likely to help close relatives than strangers is called:
- AReciprocal altruism
- BSocial exchange
- CKin selection
- DThe bystander effect
2.Easy
In student housing, people were most likely to become friends with those living closest to them. This shows the role of:
- APhysical attractiveness
- BProximity in attraction
- CSimilarity in attraction
- DReciprocity of liking
3.Easy
Social facilitation means that the presence of others:
- AHas no effect on performance
- BImproves performance on simple or well-learned tasks
- CAlways worsens performance, whatever kind of task is being done
- DMakes people forget instructions
4.Medium
According to Latané's social impact theory, social influence increases with the strength, immediacy and:
- AGender of the sources
- BAge of the target
- CNumber of the sources
- DIntelligence of the target
5.Medium
In Latané and Darley's five-step model of bystander intervention, pluralistic ignorance mainly affects which step?
- ANoticing that something is happening
- BInterpreting the event as an emergency
- CKnowing how to give the right help
- DDeciding whether the costs are worth it
6.Medium
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to:
- AAssume others agree with us
- BOverestimate personality and underestimate the situation when explaining others' behaviour
- CBlame the situation for one's own failures while taking personal credit for one's successes
- DOverestimate the role of luck in success
7.Hard
Moscovici's research showed that a consistent minority can influence a majority mainly through:
- APunishment of dissenters
- BNormative pressure leading to quick public compliance with the minority
- CObedience to authority
- DInformational influence leading to private, deeper attitude change
8.Hard
In Tajfel's minimal group studies, boys allocated points between an in-group and an out-group member. They often preferred options that:
- AGave both boys the highest possible joint total of reward points
- BMaximised the gap in their group's favour, even at a cost
- CGave more to the out-group member so as to appear fair
- DSplit the points exactly equally between both groups
Answer key
- 1. C · Kin selection
- 2. B · Proximity in attraction
- 3. B · Improves performance on simple or well-learned tasks
- 4. C · Number of the sources
- 5. B · Interpreting the event as an emergency
- 6. B · Overestimate personality and underestimate the situation when explaining others' behaviour
- 7. D · Informational influence leading to private, deeper attitude change
- 8. B · Maximised the gap in their group's favour, even at a cost
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