1.Easy
The frustration–aggression hypothesis states that:
- AAggression is learned only by watching other people
- BActing aggressively always removes the frustration
- CBeing blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- DFrustration leads to withdrawal rather than aggression
2.Easy
Overestimating how much other people notice our appearance or behaviour is called the:
- AHalo effect
- BFalse consensus effect
- CActor–observer bias
- DSpotlight effect
3.Easy
People tend to like things more simply because they have seen them often. This is the:
- AHalo effect
- BFalse consensus effect
- CBystander effect
- DMere exposure effect
4.Medium
In Sherif's autokinetic studies, people judged how far a still dot of light seemed to move. In groups, their estimates converged on a shared norm. This mainly shows:
- AInformational influence in an ambiguous situation
- BNormative influence when the correct answer was obvious
- CObedience to the experimenter as an authority
- DSocial loafing as the group task went on
5.Medium
On Halloween, children who were anonymous and in groups took more sweets than allowed, compared with children who had been asked their names. This illustrates:
- AGroup polarisation
- BDeindividuation
- CThe foot-in-the-door effect
- DSocial facilitation
6.Medium
Tom says he tripped because the floor was wet, but when he sees someone else trip he thinks they are clumsy. This is the:
- AHalo effect
- BFalse consensus effect
- CSelf-serving bias
- DActor–observer bias
7.Hard
The contact hypothesis states that contact reduces prejudice best when groups:
- AAre brought together by force, without any support from the authorities
- BCompete against each other
- CHave equal status, shared goals, cooperation and institutional support
- DMeet only once briefly
8.Hard
A teenager adopts the style and opinions of an admired older cousin, but drops them once the two are no longer close. Kelman would call this:
- AObedience
- BCompliance
- CIdentification
- DInternalisation
Answer key
- 1. C · Being blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- 2. D · Spotlight effect
- 3. D · Mere exposure effect
- 4. A · Informational influence in an ambiguous situation
- 5. B · Deindividuation
- 6. D · Actor–observer bias
- 7. C · Have equal status, shared goals, cooperation and institutional support
- 8. C · Identification
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