1.Easy
When everyone in a group looks calm in an unclear situation, each person may conclude that nothing is wrong. This is called:
- APluralistic ignorance
- BGroup polarisation
- CDiffusion of responsibility
- DSocial loafing
2.Easy
In-group favouritism is the tendency to:
- ATreat all people exactly equally
- BPrefer outsiders to one's own group
- CAvoid joining groups
- DFavour members of one's own group
3.Easy
Overestimating how much other people notice our appearance or behaviour is called the:
- AActor–observer bias
- BSpotlight effect
- CFalse consensus effect
- DHalo effect
4.Medium
Social exchange theory proposes that relationships continue when:
- APartners are similar in age and background
- BRewards outweigh costs compared with alternatives
- COne partner holds more power than the other one
- DPartners live close to each other and see each other often
5.Medium
Which factor reduced obedience most in Milgram's variations?
- AIncreasing the shock levels shown on the machine
- BThe experimenter giving orders by telephone
- CMoving the study to a prestigious university
- DHaving the experimenter wear a lab coat
6.Medium
The foot-in-the-door technique works by:
- AMaking a large request first, which is refused, then a smaller one
- BGetting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
- COffering a discount after the request
- DUsing fear to persuade
7.Hard
Students heard a proposal for exams. When told it would affect them personally, argument quality mattered most. When told it would apply in future, the source's expertise mattered most. This supports:
- AMcGuire's inoculation theory
- BLatané's social impact theory
- CThe elaboration likelihood model
- DBrehm's reactance theory
8.Hard
Why are the results of the Stanford prison experiment treated with caution today?
- AGuards were partly coached and demand characteristics were strong
- BIt found no differences between guards and prisoners
- CIt was carried out in a real prison with real inmates as the prisoners
- DIt had too many participants to analyse
Answer key
- 1. A · Pluralistic ignorance
- 2. D · Favour members of one's own group
- 3. B · Spotlight effect
- 4. B · Rewards outweigh costs compared with alternatives
- 5. B · The experimenter giving orders by telephone
- 6. B · Getting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
- 7. C · The elaboration likelihood model
- 8. A · Guards were partly coached and demand characteristics were strong
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