CNA 模拟测试(护理员知识考试练习):速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 4 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

护理助理(CNA)知识

方法

  1. 检查住养者此刻是否处于危险中(呼吸停止、噎住、跌倒、胸痛、卒中征象);如果是,先保证其安全并立即叫护士。
  2. 问一问这项任务是否在护理助理的职责范围和培训范围内;如果不是,礼貌地拒绝并告知护士。
  3. 尊重住养者的权利:隐私、选择权、拒绝照护、尊严,以及免受虐待和不必要的约束。
  4. 应用基本规则:手卫生、人体力学、床放低且呼叫器在伸手可及处、穿衣时先穿弱侧。
  5. 观察并报告:与住养者平时的状态比较,及时、客观地报告变化。

护理数学与单位换算

公制进位
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
体重和长度
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
家用计量
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
温度
°C = (°F − 32)·5/9, °F = °C·9/5 + 32
24 小时制
PM 1–11 点:加 12; 12 AM = 00:xx; 12 PM = 12:xx
给药速率
mcg/min × 60/1000 = mg/h
实验室换算系数
葡萄糖 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL; 肌酐 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L; Hb 1 g/dL = 10 g/L

方法

  1. 写出已知量及其单位,以及你想要的单位。
  2. 选定等量关系:kg、g、mg 和 mcg 之间,或 L 和 mL 之间为 1000;1 kg = 2.2 lb;1 tsp = 5 mL,1 tbsp = 15 mL,1 fl oz = 30 mL,1 cup = 240 mL。
  3. 写成分数,使不需要的单位相互约去;对于速率,每个变化的单位用一个分数。
  4. 检查方向:单位越小,数字越大。
  5. 只对最终答案取整,精度按题目所述。

2练习题

1.护理助理(CNA)知识中等

How should a resident's bedpan be stored?

  1. AIn the bedside drawer with the resident's clothes
  2. BOn the overbed table so that the resident can easily reach it
  3. COn the floor under the bed without cleaning
  4. DCleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table
2.护理助理(CNA)知识困难

When emptying a urinary drainage bag into a graduate, which action helps prevent infection?

  1. AKeep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs
  2. BRinse the drain spout with tap water and let it hang open
  3. CDisconnect the bag from the catheter so it can be emptied more quickly
  4. DLift the bag above the bladder so it drains quickly
3.护理数学与单位换算中等
170 cm1 in = 2.54 cmh = ? in

练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一位患者身高 170 cm。按 1 in = 2.54 cm,求以英寸表示的身高h。取到一位小数。

170 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.护理数学与单位换算困难
1 fl oz? mL½ tsp? mL2 tbsp? mLΣ = ? mL

练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一个班次中,患者摄入了1 fl oz / 果汁, ½ tsp / 止咳糖浆, 2 tbsp / 液体营养补充剂。按给出的等量关系,求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。

1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL

3溶液

1.护理助理(CNA)知识

答案: D · Cleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table

为什么是这个答案

Used bedpans are emptied, cleaned and stored in the proper place, such as the bathroom or bedside cabinet per policy. Placing them on the overbed table contaminates the area where the resident eats.

答案

D · Cleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table
2.护理助理(CNA)知识

答案: A · Keep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs

为什么是这个答案

Germs can travel from the spout up the bag and tubing into the bladder. The spout must not touch anything, it is cleaned and closed as policy directs, and the bag stays below the bladder and connected.

答案

A · Keep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs
3.护理数学与单位换算

答案: h = 66.9 in

家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。

厘米换算为英寸

h = 170/2.54 = 66.93 ≈ 66.9 in

答案

h = 66.9 in
4.护理数学与单位换算

答案: V = 62.5 mL

家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。

每一项的 mL 数

1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
½ tsp = 0.5·5 = 2.5 mL
2 tbsp = 2·15 = 30 mL

相加

V = 30 + 2.5 + 30 = 62.5 mL

答案

V = 62.5 mL

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