护理助理(CNA)知识
方法
- 检查住养者此刻是否处于危险中(呼吸停止、噎住、跌倒、胸痛、卒中征象);如果是,先保证其安全并立即叫护士。
- 问一问这项任务是否在护理助理的职责范围和培训范围内;如果不是,礼貌地拒绝并告知护士。
- 尊重住养者的权利:隐私、选择权、拒绝照护、尊严,以及免受虐待和不必要的约束。
- 应用基本规则:手卫生、人体力学、床放低且呼叫器在伸手可及处、穿衣时先穿弱侧。
- 观察并报告:与住养者平时的状态比较,及时、客观地报告变化。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 4 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
How can a nursing assistant encourage a resident to drink more fluids?
After a fall, a resident has severe hip pain, and one leg looks shorter and turned outward. What should the nursing assistant do?
练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一位患者身高 192 cm。按 1 in = 2.54 cm,求以英寸表示的身高h。取到一位小数。
练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 血清肌酐结果为 4 mg/dL。按肌酐 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L,求以 µmol/L 表示的c,取到最接近的整数。
答案: B · Offer preferred drinks often and keep fresh water within reach
Offering small amounts of preferred drinks often, and keeping fresh water and a cup within reach, helps residents drink enough. Unless fluids are restricted, the goal is steady intake through the day.
答案: B · Keep her still, do not move her and call the nurse right away
A shortened, outwardly rotated leg with hip pain suggests a hip fracture. Moving the resident can cause more injury, so she is kept still and comfortable while the nurse assesses her.
答案: h = 75.6 in
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
答案: c = 354 µmol/L
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
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