CNA 模拟测试(护理员知识考试练习):速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 4 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

护理助理(CNA)知识

方法

  1. 检查住养者此刻是否处于危险中(呼吸停止、噎住、跌倒、胸痛、卒中征象);如果是,先保证其安全并立即叫护士。
  2. 问一问这项任务是否在护理助理的职责范围和培训范围内;如果不是,礼貌地拒绝并告知护士。
  3. 尊重住养者的权利:隐私、选择权、拒绝照护、尊严,以及免受虐待和不必要的约束。
  4. 应用基本规则:手卫生、人体力学、床放低且呼叫器在伸手可及处、穿衣时先穿弱侧。
  5. 观察并报告:与住养者平时的状态比较,及时、客观地报告变化。

护理数学与单位换算

公制进位
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
体重和长度
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
家用计量
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
温度
°C = (°F − 32)·5/9, °F = °C·9/5 + 32
24 小时制
PM 1–11 点:加 12; 12 AM = 00:xx; 12 PM = 12:xx
给药速率
mcg/min × 60/1000 = mg/h
实验室换算系数
葡萄糖 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL; 肌酐 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L; Hb 1 g/dL = 10 g/L

方法

  1. 写出已知量及其单位,以及你想要的单位。
  2. 选定等量关系:kg、g、mg 和 mcg 之间,或 L 和 mL 之间为 1000;1 kg = 2.2 lb;1 tsp = 5 mL,1 tbsp = 15 mL,1 fl oz = 30 mL,1 cup = 240 mL。
  3. 写成分数,使不需要的单位相互约去;对于速率,每个变化的单位用一个分数。
  4. 检查方向:单位越小,数字越大。
  5. 只对最终答案取整,精度按题目所述。

2练习题

1.护理助理(CNA)知识中等

Which foot care practice is correct for a resident with diabetes?

  1. ACut away corns and calluses with a razor
  2. BLet the resident walk barefoot to air the feet
  3. CSoak the feet in hot water for an hour each day to soften the skin
  4. DCheck the feet every day and dry well between the toes
2.护理助理(CNA)知识困难

A resident with Parkinson's disease has a tremor and keeps dropping food while eating. What may help?

  1. AFeed him every meal from now on so that he does not make a mess
  2. BGive him only liquid meals from now on
  3. CTell him to eat faster before the tremor gets worse
  4. DAsk the nurse about adaptive utensils, and allow extra time to eat
3.护理数学与单位换算中等
94969810010210410635363738394041°F°C103.2 °F? °C

练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一位患者的体温为 103.2 °F。用 °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 把它换算为摄氏度T。取到一位小数。

103.2 °F
T = °C
4.护理数学与单位换算困难
2 杯? mL1 fl oz? mL½ tbsp? mLΣ = ? mL

练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一个班次中,患者摄入了2 杯 / 茶, 1 fl oz / 果汁, ½ tbsp / 液体营养补充剂。按给出的等量关系,求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。

1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL

3溶液

1.护理助理(CNA)知识

答案: D · Check the feet every day and dry well between the toes

为什么是这个答案

Diabetes can reduce sensation and circulation in the feet, so small injuries can become serious infections. Daily checks, gentle washing, careful drying, well-fitting shoes and reporting any sores are important.

答案

D · Check the feet every day and dry well between the toes
2.护理助理(CNA)知识

答案: D · Ask the nurse about adaptive utensils, and allow extra time to eat

为什么是这个答案

Weighted or built-up utensils, plate guards and extra time can help residents with tremors eat independently. The occupational therapist can recommend devices, and the resident's dignity is protected.

答案

D · Ask the nurse about adaptive utensils, and allow extra time to eat
3.护理数学与单位换算

答案: T = 39.6 °C

温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9,°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。从 °F 换算时先减 32 再乘,从 °C 换算时先乘再加 32。快速核对:37 °C 为 98.6 °F,每 1 °C 相当于 1.8 °F。

减去 32

103.2 − 32 = 71.2

乘以 5/9

T = 71.2·5/9 = 39.56 ≈ 39.6 °C

答案

T = 39.6 °C
4.护理数学与单位换算

答案: V = 517.5 mL

家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。

每一项的 mL 数

2 杯 = 2·240 = 480 mL
1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL

相加

V = 480 + 30 + 7.5 = 517.5 mL

答案

V = 517.5 mL

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