练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一个班次中,患者摄入了2 tbsp / 液体营养补充剂, 1 杯 / 茶, 1 tsp / 止咳糖浆, 3 fl oz / 果汁。按给出的等量关系,求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。
1 tbsp = 15 mL1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
The library’s new rule states: “Mobile phones must be set to silent in the reading room. Calls may be taken in the lobby.” Where may visitors take phone calls?
ANowhere in the building
BAnywhere in the library
CIn the lobby
DIn the reading room
6.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
“When Aunt Rose saw the broken vase, she said, ‘Well, I never liked that vase anyway,’ and gave her nervous nephew a wink.” Why did Aunt Rose most likely say this?
ATo ask him to buy a new vase
BTo show how angry she felt
CTo blame her nephew for breaking it
DTo put her nephew at ease
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s lungs sounded congested.”
ACollapsed and completely airless
BFilled with fluid or mucus
CClear and healthy
DLarger than normal
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
What does the term arthroscopy mean?
ASurgical removal of a joint
BLooking inside a joint with a scope
CInflammation of a joint
DSurgical fusion of the bones of a joint
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Which spelling is correct for the group of people who run a country?
Agovermint
Bgovernment
Cgovernmant
Dgoverment
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which sentence uses a dash correctly?
AShe — had one goal to pass the exam.
BShe had one goal — to pass the exam.
CShe had — one goal to pass the exam.
DShe had one goal to — pass the exam.
11.人体解剖学中等
腕管综合征中受压的是哪条神经?
A正中神经
B桡神经
C尺神经
D肌皮神经
12.人体解剖学困难
为什么吸入的异物更常卡在右主支气管而不是左主支气管?
A右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
B由于心脏的位置,右肺的气流更强
C左主支气管被会厌封闭
D右主支气管更细、更水平
13.人体生理学中等
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
A在支气管中捕获灰尘
B杀死气道中的细菌
C降低肺泡的表面张力
D把氧气运过肺泡壁
14.人体生理学困难
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
A没有变化,因为瓣膜不是心室的一部分
B由于做功减少而肌肉萎缩
C向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
D室壁变薄并扩张
15.护理入学考试生物中等
Why do the palisade cells near the top surface of a leaf contain many chloroplasts?
AThey protect the leaf from insects and strong winds
BThey carry sugars from the leaves down to the roots
CThey get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
DThey store most of the plant's water for dry periods
16.护理入学考试生物困难
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?
ATranslation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
BDNA replication, because bacteria have no DNA polymerase
CTranslation, because human cells have no ribosomes
DTranscription, because human cells have no RNA polymerase of their own
17.护理入学考试化学中等
Which reacts more vigorously with water, potassium or sodium?
AThey react equally, because both are in group 1
BSodium, because it has fewer electron shells to shield its electron
CSodium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
DPotassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
18.护理入学考试化学困难
Alpha radiation is stopped by skin, yet an alpha source is very dangerous if swallowed or inhaled. Why?
AAlpha particles turn into much more penetrating gamma rays once inside the body
BStomach acid makes the alpha source more radioactive
CAlpha particles are only produced at body temperature
DInside the body, alpha particles deposit all their energy in nearby living cells
3溶液
1.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: p = 30 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
2 tbsp = 2·15 = 30 mL
1 杯 = 1·240 = 240 mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
3 fl oz = 3·30 = 90 mL
相加
V = 30 + 240 + 5 + 90 = 365 mL
答案
V = 365 mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: C · In the lobby
为什么是这个答案
Calls may be taken in the lobby; phones must be silent in the reading room.
答案
C · In the lobby
6.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: D · To put her nephew at ease
为什么是这个答案
The wink and her light remark suggest she wanted to calm her nervous nephew rather than scold him.
答案
D · To put her nephew at ease
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · Filled with fluid or mucus
为什么是这个答案
Congested means overfilled or blocked, here with fluid or mucus.
答案
B · Filled with fluid or mucus
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · Looking inside a joint with a scope
为什么是这个答案
Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the inside of a joint using an arthroscope.
答案
B · Looking inside a joint with a scope
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: B · government
为什么是这个答案
“Government” is “govern” + “-ment”. The n is often not pronounced, which leads to the misspelling “goverment”.
答案
B · government
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: B · She had one goal — to pass the exam.
为什么是这个答案
A dash can introduce an explanation of what comes before it, here what the one goal was.
答案
B · She had one goal — to pass the exam.
11.人体解剖学
答案: A · 正中神经
为什么是这个答案
正中神经在屈肌支持带下方穿过腕管;受压会引起拇指、示指和中指麻刺感。
答案
A · 正中神经
12.人体解剖学
答案: A · 右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
为什么是这个答案
右主支气管更粗、更短,与气管的走向更接近一条直线,因此误吸的物体往往落入其中。
答案
A · 右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
13.人体生理学
答案: C · 降低肺泡的表面张力
为什么是这个答案
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案
C · 降低肺泡的表面张力
14.人体生理学
答案: C · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
为什么是这个答案
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案
C · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
15.护理入学考试生物
答案: C · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
为什么是这个答案
Palisade cells lie just below the upper surface, where light is strongest. Packing them with chloroplasts lets the leaf capture as much light as possible for photosynthesis.
答案
C · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
16.护理入学考试生物
答案: A · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
为什么是这个答案
Ribosomes carry out translation. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller and differ in structure from human cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), so some antibiotics can target them selectively.
答案
A · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
17.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · Potassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
为什么是这个答案
Potassium is below sodium in group 1. Its outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so it is lost more easily and potassium reacts more vigorously.
答案
D · Potassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
18.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · Inside the body, alpha particles deposit all their energy in nearby living cells
为什么是这个答案
Alpha particles are highly ionising but have a short range. Outside the body the dead outer skin stops them, but inside they release all their energy into living tissue nearby, causing heavy damage.
答案
D · Inside the body, alpha particles deposit all their energy in nearby living cells