练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一名新生儿体重 10 lb 12 oz。按 1 lb = 16 oz 和 1 kg = 2.2 lb,求以千克表示的体重m。取到两位小数。
10 lb 12 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.护理数学与单位换算困难
练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一个班次中,患者摄入了½ tsp / 止咳糖浆, ¼ 杯 / 茶, 4 fl oz / 果汁。按给出的等量关系,求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
“The tide was coming in fast. The children, busy building their sandcastle, did not notice the water creeping closer and closer.” What is most likely to happen next?
AThe rising water will reach the sandcastle.
BThey will win a sandcastle prize.
CThe tide will go back out.
DThey will build a castle on the cliffs.
6.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
“The surgeon, who had performed the operation hundreds of times, still reviewed every step the night before.” What does this detail reveal about the surgeon?
AThe surgeon is new and unsure of the procedure.
BThe surgeon is careful despite great experience.
CThe surgeon has forgotten how to operate.
DThe surgeon now finds this operation dull and boring.
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was incontinent of urine during the night.”
AFeeling pain when passing it
BUnable to control the passing of it
CUnable to pass it at all
DPassing very large amounts of it at night
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse noticed petechiae on the patient’s legs.”
ATiny red or purple pinpoint spots
BFluid-filled blisters
CLarge, dark bruises from minor injuries
DRaised, itchy bumps
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Choose the correct verb: “The news from the lab ___ encouraging.”
A cell has a nucleus and mitochondria but no cell wall and no chloroplasts. What kind of cell is it most likely to be?
AA plant cell
BA bacterial cell
CA fungal cell
DAn animal cell
16.护理入学考试生物困难
A food sample turns purple with biuret reagent but stays yellow-brown with iodine solution. What does the sample contain?
AFat but no protein
BStarch but no protein
CProtein but no starch
DBoth protein and starch
17.护理入学考试化学中等
Why does oxygen move from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood?
AOxygen is pumped actively into the blood
BOxygen is heavier than carbon dioxide
CThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the blood than in the alveoli
DThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
18.护理入学考试化学困难
Uranium-238 (atomic number 92) undergoes alpha decay. Which nucleus is formed?
AThorium-238 (atomic number 90)
BPlutonium-242 (atomic number 94)
CThorium-234 (atomic number 90)
DProtactinium-234 (atomic number 91)
3溶液
1.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: x = 3
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
两边都加上 11。
3x = 9
两边都除以 3。
x = 3
校核
3·3 − 11 = −2
答案
x = 3
2.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: V = 4788 cm³
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
体积
38 × 7 × 18 = 4788 cm³
答案
V = 4788 cm³
3.护理数学与单位换算
答案: m = 4.89 kg
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
盎司换算为磅
12 oz/16 = 0.75 lb
10 + 0.75 = 10.75 lb
磅换算为千克
m = 10.75/2.2 = 4.886 ≈ 4.89 kg
答案
m = 4.89 kg
4.护理数学与单位换算
答案: V = 182.5 mL
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
½ tsp = 0.5·5 = 2.5 mL
¼ 杯 = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
4 fl oz = 4·30 = 120 mL
相加
V = 2.5 + 60 + 120 = 182.5 mL
答案
V = 182.5 mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: A · The rising water will reach the sandcastle.
为什么是这个答案
The tide is rising and the children are not paying attention, so the water will most likely reach and wash away the sandcastle.
答案
A · The rising water will reach the sandcastle.
6.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · The surgeon is careful despite great experience.
为什么是这个答案
Reviewing every step even after hundreds of operations shows thoroughness and care. “Hundreds of times” rules out being new.
答案
B · The surgeon is careful despite great experience.
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · Unable to control the passing of it
为什么是这个答案
Incontinence is the loss of control over passing urine or stool.
答案
B · Unable to control the passing of it
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: A · Tiny red or purple pinpoint spots
为什么是这个答案
Petechiae are pinpoint spots caused by tiny bleeds under the skin.
答案
A · Tiny red or purple pinpoint spots
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: D · is
为什么是这个答案
“News” is an uncountable noun and takes a singular verb, like mathematics and measles.
答案
D · is
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: A · The new director hopes to effect real change.
为什么是这个答案
“To effect change” means to bring change about. In B, C and D the meaning is “to influence”, which requires “affect”.
答案
A · The new director hopes to effect real change.
11.人体解剖学
答案: B · 副神经(XI)
为什么是这个答案
副神经(XI)支配胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌。损伤会使转头和耸肩无力。
答案
B · 副神经(XI)
12.人体解剖学
答案: B · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
为什么是这个答案
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案
B · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
13.人体生理学
答案: B · 不发生气体交换的传导气道的容积
为什么是这个答案
解剖无效腔(约 150 ml)是鼻腔、气管和支气管中的空气。它每次呼吸都会移动,但从不到达肺泡。
答案
B · 不发生气体交换的传导气道的容积
14.人体生理学
答案: D · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
为什么是这个答案
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案
D · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
15.护理入学考试生物
答案: D · An animal cell
为什么是这个答案
A nucleus and mitochondria show it is eukaryotic. Plant and fungal cells both have cell walls, and plant cells have chloroplasts, so the cell is most likely an animal cell.
答案
D · An animal cell
16.护理入学考试生物
答案: C · Protein but no starch
为什么是这个答案
Biuret reagent turns purple when protein is present. Iodine turns blue-black with starch, so staying yellow-brown means there is no starch.
答案
C · Protein but no starch
17.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
为什么是这个答案
Each gas diffuses down its own partial pressure gradient. Alveolar air has a higher oxygen partial pressure than blood arriving at the lungs, so O₂ diffuses in, while CO₂ diffuses the other way.
答案
D · The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
18.护理入学考试化学
答案: C · Thorium-234 (atomic number 90)
为什么是这个答案
Mass number: 238 − 4 = 234. Atomic number: 92 − 2 = 90, which is thorium. So ²³⁸U → ²³⁴Th + ⁴He.