练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一个班次中,患者摄入了1 tsp / 止咳糖浆, 4 tbsp / 液体营养补充剂, 2 fl oz / 果汁。按给出的等量关系,求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
“The new staff canteen has more seats and longer opening hours. However, the prices have gone up, and some staff now bring lunch from home.” What is the most likely reason some staff bring lunch from home?
AThe canteen serves only breakfast.
BThe canteen closes earlier than before.
CThe canteen has too few seats now.
DThe canteen has become more expensive.
6.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
The dosage chart reads: “Weight 10–14 kg: 5 mL. Weight 15–19 kg: 7.5 mL. Weight 20–29 kg: 10 mL. Give every 6 hours as needed, no more than 4 doses in 24 hours.” A child weighs 18 kg. What is the most this child may receive in 24 hours?
A20 mL
B30 mL
C40 mL
D7.5 mL
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the words in bold: “The nurse recorded the patient’s intake and output.”
ACalories eaten and calories burned
BMedicines given and refused
CFluids taken in and fluids lost
DVisitors coming and going
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
What does the term pneumothorax mean?
AAir in the chest cavity around the lung
BBlood in the chest cavity
CInflammation of the lung tissue
DFluid filling the tiny air sacs of the lung
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Choose the correct word: “Please ___ down on the bed for a few minutes.”
Alaid
Blain
Clay
Dlie
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which revision corrects the misplaced modifier? “We saw a deer driving to the hospital.”
AA deer was driving to the hospital when we saw it.
BWe saw a deer, driving to the hospital.
CDriving to the hospital, a deer was seen.
DWhile driving to the hospital, we saw a deer.
11.人体解剖学中等
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
A回旋支
B后降支
C左前降支
D右冠状动脉
12.人体解剖学困难
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
A闭孔神经
B大隐静脉
C股动脉
D精索
13.人体生理学中等
哪种激素增加肾集合管对水的重吸收?
A醛固酮
B心房钠尿肽
C抗利尿激素(ADH)
D甲状旁腺激素
14.人体生理学困难
颅脑损伤后,一名患者排出大量极稀的尿液,血钠升高。最可能的原因是什么?
A未控制的糖尿病
B醛固酮过多
CADH 释放缺乏(中枢性尿崩症)
DADH 释放过多(SIADH)
15.护理入学考试生物中等
In disease spread, what is a vector?
AThe first person to catch a disease
BA medicine that destroys a pathogen in the body
CAn organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
DA blood test used to detect antibodies
16.护理入学考试生物困难
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
A27/64
B3/4
C1/64
D9/16
17.护理入学考试化学中等
Radioactive iodine (iodine-131) is used to treat some thyroid conditions. Why does it reach the thyroid?
AIodine-131 is not radioactive inside the body
BRadiation is always drawn toward the head
CIodine is strongly attracted to the metal ions stored in the neck
DThe thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
18.护理入学考试化学困难
Why is Dmitri Mendeleev's early periodic table regarded as such a success?
AHe left gaps and correctly predicted the properties of elements not yet discovered
BHe arranged the elements by atomic number, which he had discovered
CHe proved that the atoms of every element contain electrons
DHe discovered the noble gases and placed them in group 18
3溶液
1.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: C = 81.64 cm
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9,°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。从 °F 换算时先减 32 再乘,从 °C 换算时先乘再加 32。快速核对:37 °C 为 98.6 °F,每 1 °C 相当于 1.8 °F。
乘以 9/5
37.1·9/5 = 66.78
加 32
T = 66.78 + 32 = 98.78 ≈ 98.8 °F
答案
T = 98.8 °F
4.护理数学与单位换算
答案: V = 125 mL
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
4 tbsp = 4·15 = 60 mL
2 fl oz = 2·30 = 60 mL
相加
V = 5 + 60 + 60 = 125 mL
答案
V = 125 mL
5.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: D · The canteen has become more expensive.
为什么是这个答案
After “However”, the passage mentions higher prices and then staff bringing lunch. More seats and longer hours are improvements.
答案
D · The canteen has become more expensive.
6.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · 30 mL
为什么是这个答案
18 kg falls in the 15–19 kg row: 7.5 mL per dose, up to 4 doses: 7.5 × 4 = 30 mL in 24 hours.
答案
B · 30 mL
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: C · Fluids taken in and fluids lost
为什么是这个答案
Intake and output is the record of all fluids a patient takes in and all fluids they lose, such as urine; in the UK it is often kept on a fluid balance chart.
答案
C · Fluids taken in and fluids lost
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: A · Air in the chest cavity around the lung
为什么是这个答案
A pneumothorax is air in the pleural space, which can cause the lung to collapse; blood there is a haemothorax.
答案
A · Air in the chest cavity around the lung
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: D · lie
为什么是这个答案
“Lie” means to recline and takes no object. “Lay” means to put something down: “Lay the book on the table.”
答案
D · lie
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: D · While driving to the hospital, we saw a deer.
为什么是这个答案
In the original, the deer seems to be driving. A places the modifier next to “we”. C creates a dangling modifier, and D keeps the absurd meaning.
答案
D · While driving to the hospital, we saw a deer.
11.人体解剖学
答案: C · 左前降支
为什么是这个答案
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案
C · 左前降支
12.人体解剖学
答案: D · 精索
为什么是这个答案
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案
D · 精索
13.人体生理学
答案: C · 抗利尿激素(ADH)
为什么是这个答案
垂体后叶释放的 ADH(血管升压素)插入水通道蛋白-2,使集合管对水通透,从而浓缩尿液。
答案
C · 抗利尿激素(ADH)
14.人体生理学
答案: C · ADH 释放缺乏(中枢性尿崩症)
为什么是这个答案
没有 ADH,集合管对水保持不通透,因此产生稀释的尿液,患者丢失自由水,使血钠升高。
答案
C · ADH 释放缺乏(中枢性尿崩症)
15.护理入学考试生物
答案: C · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
为什么是这个答案
A vector, such as a mosquito, tick or flea, carries pathogens between hosts. Controlling vectors, for example with bed nets, is a key way to prevent diseases like malaria.
答案
C · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
16.护理入学考试生物
答案: A · 27/64
为什么是这个答案
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
答案
A · 27/64
17.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
为什么是这个答案
The thyroid absorbs iodine to make thyroid hormones and cannot tell radioactive iodine from normal iodine. So iodine-131 collects in the gland, where its radiation can destroy overactive thyroid tissue.
答案
D · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
18.护理入学考试化学
答案: A · He left gaps and correctly predicted the properties of elements not yet discovered
为什么是这个答案
Mendeleev grouped elements by similar properties and left gaps for unknown elements, predicting their properties. When gallium and germanium were found, they matched his predictions. Ordering by atomic number came later, after Moseley's work.
答案
A · He left gaps and correctly predicted the properties of elements not yet discovered