产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A woman in late pregnancy has numbness and tingling in her thumb and first fingers, worse at night. What is the most likely cause?
A woman at 30 weeks is in a minor car accident. She feels fine and has no bleeding. What should the nurse advise?
一个药瓶中含有 1 g 的粉末。标签上写着:加入 4.2 mL 注射用水,得到总容量 5 mL。医嘱为 480 mg。你应给予复溶后溶液的多少容量 V?
处方为 8200 单位的药物,药液规格为 10000 单位/mL。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
医嘱要求以 150 mL/h 输液,但没有输液泵。改用滴系数为 20 gtt/mL 的输液器重力滴注。求滴速 R,以每分钟滴数表示。
一袋液体在 250 mL 中含药 100 mg,以 15 mL/h 的速度输注。患者每小时获得多少毫克 D?
答案: D · Carpal tunnel syndrome
Fluid retention in pregnancy can compress the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. A wrist splint at night often helps, and symptoms usually resolve after birth.
答案: C · Come in for fetal monitoring even without symptoms
Even minor trauma can cause placental abruption, sometimes without bleeding. Pregnant women after trauma are usually monitored with CTG for several hours. Rh-negative women may need anti-D.
答案: V = 2.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
答案: V = 0.82 mL
抽取剂量:体积 = (处方剂量/药物浓度) × 药物体积。先换算成相同的单位,再检查该体积是否适合注射器,并落在它的某一个刻度上。
在这支 1 mL 的注射器上,每条小刻度线代表 0.01 mL。
答案: R = 50 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
答案: D = 6 mg/h
输注速率:输液泵按 mL/h = 体积/时间(小时)设定。重力滴注按每分钟滴数计:gtt/min = 体积 (mL) × 滴系数 (gtt/mL)/时间 (min)。 滴系数印在输液器包装上:普通输液器为 10、15 或 20 gtt/mL(输血器在美国常为 10 gtt/mL,在英国为 15),微量输液器为 60 gtt/mL。务必使用题目或包装给出的滴系数。
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