产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
In which order do the final cardinal movements of labour occur after extension?
A newborn has cyanosis that improves when crying and worsens during feeding. Which condition should be suspected?
一名体重 88 kg 的患者体表面积为 1.84 m²。医嘱为 250 mg/m²。求剂量 D,以 mg 表示。
一名体重 8 kg 的儿童,医嘱为口服混悬液每次 10 mg/kg,该混悬液每 1 mL 含 40 mg。你应给多少体积 V?
用滴系数为 10 滴/mL 的输液器在 4 小时内输入 1000 mL。求滴速 R(滴/分)。 取整到最接近的整数。
一袋中含有 2 g 药物,溶于 250 mL。医嘱为每分钟 3 mg。泵速 R 应设为多少 mL/h?
答案: C · Restitution, external rotation, expulsion
After extension delivers the head, it rotates back into line with the shoulders (restitution), then rotates further as the shoulders turn (external rotation), and finally the body is born (expulsion).
答案: B · Choanal atresia
In choanal atresia, the nasal passages are blocked. Babies breathe through the mouth when crying, but become cyanotic when feeding or calm. A catheter cannot be passed through the nose.
答案: D = 460 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
答案: V = 2 mL
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
答案: R = 42 gtt/min
输注速率:输液泵按 mL/h = 体积/时间(小时)设定。重力滴注按每分钟滴数计:gtt/min = 体积 (mL) × 滴系数 (gtt/mL)/时间 (min)。 滴系数印在输液器包装上:普通输液器为 10、15 或 20 gtt/mL(输血器在美国常为 10 gtt/mL,在英国为 15),微量输液器为 60 gtt/mL。务必使用题目或包装给出的滴系数。
床旁取最接近的整滴:42 滴/分。
答案: R = 22.5 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/maternity-nursing