产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
1 分钟时,新生儿心率为 90 次/分。在 APGAR 评分中,心率得几分?
A woman at 40 weeks calls the unit. Her contractions are every 10 to 20 minutes and irregular, her membranes are intact and the baby is moving well. What is the best advice?
某患者体重 22 kg,医嘱为单次给药 15 mg/kg。求剂量 D(mg)。
一名体重 8 kg 的儿童,医嘱为口服混悬液每次 15 mg/kg,该混悬液每 5 mL 含 125 mg。你应给多少体积 V?
医嘱要求以 90 mL/h 输液,但没有输液泵。改用滴系数为 60 gtt/mL 的输液器重力滴注。求滴速 R,以每分钟滴数表示。
医嘱要求在 8 小时内输入 500 mL。5 小时后你发现袋中还剩 210 mL,而输液仍须按时完成。 原来的泵速必须提高百分之多少 Δ?
答案: A · 1
心率无则计 0 分,低于 100 次/分计 1 分,100 次/分或以上计 2 分。APGAR 的五项指标各计 0–2 分,因此每项最高为 2 分。
答案: D · Rest at home and come in if contractions become regular
Irregular, infrequent contractions with intact membranes and good movements suggest early or false labour. She can rest at home and should come in if contractions become regular and stronger, the membranes rupture, she bleeds or movements decrease.
答案: D = 330 mg
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
答案: V = 4.8 mL
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
答案: R = 90 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
使用微滴输液器(60 gtt/mL)时,gtt/min 等于 mL/h。
答案: Δ = 12 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
许多医院允许在不重开医嘱的情况下进行不超过 25% 的此类调整;请查阅本院规定。
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