After an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting that responded to adrenaline (epinephrine), a patient asks to go home immediately. Which advice is most appropriate?
AStay in hospital for at least two weeks on daily intravenous antihistamines
BStay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
CGo home and take antihistamines only if the throat swells
DGo home straight away, because anaphylaxis never recurs once adrenaline has worked
3.内外科护理:神经、内分泌与肾脏中等
一名右半球卒中的患者忽略盘子左侧的食物。这称为什么?
A吞咽困难
B小脑共济失调
C左侧忽略
D表达性失语
4.内外科护理:神经、内分泌与肾脏困难
An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?
AA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
BAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
CA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
DHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction
5.内外科护理:消化、围手术期与肿瘤中等
为什么缓释或肠溶片对回肠造口患者可能效果不佳?
A造口把药物极快地吸收进血液
B转运快,药物可能在释放前就已排出
C回肠造口的酶会破坏所有类型的口服药物
D回肠造口患者不能服用任何口服药物
6.内外科护理:消化、围手术期与肿瘤困难
A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"Some wind and bloating today is expected."
B"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."
C"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
D"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
7.临床护理中等
A patient with renal colic is asked to pass urine through a strainer. Why?
ATo catch any stone so that it can be analysed
BTo measure the urine's pH and specific gravity
CTo make passing urine less painful
DTo remove bacteria from the urine
8.临床护理困难
一名肝硬化患者腹部膨大紧绷,接受腹腔穿刺放液。为什么可能要给予白蛋白?
A阻止肝脏产生更多胆汁
B降低大量放液后发生循环功能障碍的风险
C增加尿钾排泄
D治疗腹水中的感染
9.实验室检查值与电解质中等
During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?
AThe next morning
BIn the first 15 minutes
CAfter about 2 hours
DAfter the last drop is given
10.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B12 and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?
答案: B · Stay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
为什么是这个答案
Biphasic reactions can occur hours after the first reaction resolves, so patients are observed for a period determined by severity and local guidance. Before discharge they receive adrenaline auto-injectors with training, a written plan and referral to an allergy service.
答案
B · Stay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
答案: B · AKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
为什么是这个答案
Prolonged pressure damages muscle (rhabdomyolysis), releasing myoglobin, which is toxic to the tubules, as well as potassium. Early, generous IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output, potassium and creatinine help protect the kidneys.
答案
B · AKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
答案: C · "Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
为什么是这个答案
Mild bloating and cramps from the air used are expected. Severe or worsening pain, fever, a distended abdomen or heavy rectal bleeding can mean perforation or haemorrhage and must be reported straight away.
答案
C · "Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
7.临床护理
答案: A · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
为什么是这个答案
Collecting a passed stone allows its composition to be identified, which helps guide diet and treatment to prevent recurrence.
答案
A · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
8.临床护理
答案: B · 降低大量放液后发生循环功能障碍的风险
为什么是这个答案
大量腹腔穿刺放液可引起低血压和肾功能损害。输注白蛋白有助于维持循环血容量。
答案
B · 降低大量放液后发生循环功能障碍的风险
9.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · In the first 15 minutes
为什么是这个答案
Acute hemolytic and anaphylactic reactions usually appear early, so the transfusion is started slowly and the nurse stays with the patient for about the first 15 minutes, checking vital signs before, during and after according to policy.
答案
B · In the first 15 minutes
10.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
为什么是这个答案
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies block intrinsic factor or destroy the cells that make it, so B12 is not absorbed. Treatment is lifelong B12, usually by injection (very high oral doses are an alternative).核对依据:Pernicious anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答案
D · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
Potassium chloride must never be given by IV push, because a rapid dose can cause cardiac arrest. It is diluted and given slowly through an infusion pump.
答案
C · Potassium chloride by IV push
16.优先排序与委派
答案: D · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
为什么是这个答案
Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber signals an air leak. The nurse checks the connections from the patient to the drain and reports a leak that cannot be fixed.
答案
D · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking