精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which findings suggest recent cannabis use?
A patient who stopped drinking 24 hours ago has a generalised tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What is the nurse's first action?
哪种副作用是第一代(典型)抗精神病药的长期风险?
辩证行为疗法(DBT)最初是为哪种情况开发的?
血浆中药物的哪一部分能到达受体并产生效应?
A patient has a serum potassium of 7.0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?
答案: D · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
Cannabis intoxication typically causes conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia, impaired coordination and altered perception of time. High doses can cause anxiety or psychosis.
答案: A · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
During a seizure, the nurse protects the airway, removes nearby hazards, does not restrain or put anything in the mouth, and calls for help. Alcohol withdrawal seizures are most likely in the first 48 hours.
答案: C · 迟发性运动障碍
长期阻断多巴胺可导致迟发性运动障碍,表现为面部、舌和四肢不自主的重复运动,且可能不可逆。
答案: A · 伴有自伤的边缘型人格障碍
DBT 将 CBT 与正念、情绪调节和痛苦耐受技能相结合,最初用于边缘型人格障碍和长期有自杀倾向的人。
答案: D · 未结合(游离)部分
只有游离药物能扩散进入组织、作用于受体并被代谢或排泄。与蛋白结合的药物起储库作用。
答案: C · Intravenous calcium gluconate
IV calcium stabilises the myocardial cell membrane within minutes and reduces the risk of arrhythmia. Other treatments then shift potassium into cells (insulin with glucose) or remove it from the body.
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