精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A patient who has just been admitted says, "I don't want to talk to anyone." What is the best initial nursing approach?

  1. ATell the patient that talking is required to be discharged
  2. BLeave the patient alone until he asks to talk
  3. CSpend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
  4. DAsk a series of direct questions until he answers
2.精神科护理困难

In the second session of a new therapy group, members argue about rules and one member challenges the leader's authority. How should the leader interpret this?

  1. AThe member who challenged the leader should be removed
  2. BThe leader should avoid all conflict by making every decision alone
  3. CIt is a normal stage of group development, to be handled openly and calmly
  4. DThe group has failed and should be ended before anyone is upset
3.临床心理学中等

罗森汉的研究《On being sane in insane places》引发了对什么的担忧？

  1. A精神科诊断的效度
  2. BCBT 的有效性
  3. C动物研究的伦理
  4. D抗抑郁药的安全性
4.临床心理学困难

心理治疗研究中的"渡渡鸟裁决"是指以下哪项发现？

  1. A各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果
  2. B等待名单上未经治疗的来访者比接受治疗的来访者好转得更快
  3. C药物总是优于心理治疗
  4. D只有精神分析对抑郁有效
5.药理学中等

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

  1. AIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly
  2. BStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
  3. CRemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
  4. DFlush the line with a large volume of saline
6.药理学困难

An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?

  1. AHigh serum calcium
  2. BLow serum glucose
  3. CLow serum magnesium
  4. DHigh serum sodium

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation

为什么是这个答案

Short, frequent, predictable contacts show acceptance and help build trust. Forcing conversation increases anxiety, while leaving the patient alone can reinforce withdrawal.

答案

C · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
2.精神科护理

答案: C · It is a normal stage of group development, to be handled openly and calmly

为什么是这个答案

Conflict and challenges to the leader are typical of the storming stage. Handling them openly and non-defensively helps the group develop norms and move into productive work.

答案

C · It is a normal stage of group development, to be handled openly and calmly
3.临床心理学

答案: A · 精神科诊断的效度

为什么是这个答案

自称听到一个词的假病人被收治并住院数周，表明诊断受情境影响。此后该研究的方法也受到质疑。

答案

A · 精神科诊断的效度
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果

为什么是这个答案

元分析常发现成熟疗法之间的差异很小，这被视为支持治疗联盟等共同因素的证据。但强迫症和恐惧症等障碍显示，暴露等特定疗法具有明显优势。

答案

A · 各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果
5.药理学

答案: B · Stop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol

为什么是这个答案

Suspected extravasation of a vesicant is an emergency. The infusion is stopped, the cannula is left in so that drug can be aspirated, and the protocol, which may include an antidote and cold or warm packs, is followed.

答案

B · Stop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
6.药理学

答案: C · Low serum magnesium

为什么是这个答案

Long-term PPI use can cause hypomagnesaemia, which leads to cramps, tremor and arrhythmias. Other long-term risks include fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and C. difficile infection.

答案

C · Low serum magnesium

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