精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

Which measurement should be monitored regularly in a patient taking venlafaxine?

  1. ASerum lithium level
  2. BBlood pressure
  3. CVisual acuity
  4. DPeak expiratory flow
2.精神科护理困难

A nurse suspects that a patient is hiding his tablets in his cheek and later spitting them out. What is the best approach?

  1. AAccuse him in front of other patients so that he is embarrassed and stops
  2. BCheck his mouth after each dose, as policy allows, and explore why he does not want it
  3. CStop giving him his medicine at all, because he is not taking it anyway, and record that he refused
  4. DCrush all his tablets into his food without telling him
3.临床心理学中等

一个人在一次严重车祸两周后出现令人痛苦的症状，至今已持续十天。哪种诊断最恰当？

  1. A创伤后应激障碍
  2. B广泛性焦虑障碍
  3. C急性应激障碍
  4. D适应障碍
4.临床心理学困难

情感表达研究促成了精神分裂症的家庭干预。这些干预最可靠地改善了哪项结果？

  1. A复发率和再住院率
  2. B对任何抗精神病药的需要
  3. C兄弟姐妹的遗传风险
  4. D患者的智商分数
5.药理学中等

新斯的明如何改善重症肌无力患者的肌力？

  1. A它增加神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱受体的数量
  2. B它抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，使更多乙酰胆碱到达受体
  3. C它直接刺激肌肉中的毒蕈碱受体
  4. D它阻断针对受体的自身抗体
6.药理学困难

Why are antipsychotics used with great caution in older people with dementia?

  1. AThey cause severe hypoglycaemia in older people
  2. BThey always cure the dementia and stop all behaviour problems
  3. CThey are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
  4. DThey are not absorbed in people over 65

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · Blood pressure

为什么是这个答案

Venlafaxine is an SNRI. By increasing noradrenaline, it can raise blood pressure, particularly at higher doses, so blood pressure is checked regularly.

答案

B · Blood pressure
2.精神科护理

答案: B · Check his mouth after each dose, as policy allows, and explore why he does not want it

为什么是这个答案

Mouth checks or liquid forms, as permitted, can confirm that medicine is taken. Understanding the reasons, such as side effects or beliefs about the drug, helps the team address the problem with the patient.

答案

B · Check his mouth after each dose, as policy allows, and explore why he does not want it
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 急性应激障碍

为什么是这个答案

急性应激障碍涵盖事件后持续三天至一个月的创伤症状。如果症状持续超过一个月，可诊断为 PTSD。

答案

C · 急性应激障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 复发率和再住院率

为什么是这个答案

教授沟通和问题解决、减少批评的家庭干预能降低复发率和再住院率，通常与药物治疗同时进行。

答案

A · 复发率和再住院率
5.药理学

答案: B · 它抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，使更多乙酰胆碱到达受体

为什么是这个答案

新斯的明抑制神经肌肉接头处的乙酰胆碱酯酶，使乙酰胆碱作用时间延长，能更有效地激活剩余的烟碱受体。

答案

B · 它抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，使更多乙酰胆碱到达受体
6.药理学

答案: C · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death

为什么是这个答案

In older people with dementia, antipsychotics increase the risk of stroke and death. Non-drug approaches are tried first, and antipsychotics are used at low doses for short periods if needed.

答案

C · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death

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