精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
In DSM-5-TR, prolonged grief disorder in adults requires that at least how long has passed since the death?
A 76-year-old with no history of mental illness suddenly develops paranoid ideas and hallucinations. What is the most appropriate first step?
哪种人格障碍的特点是普遍地漠视他人权利?
一位来访者三个月来每周至少暴食一次,伴有失控感和痛苦,但没有催吐、使用泻药或过度运动。哪种诊断合适?
负荷剂量的作用是什么?
A man taking doxazosin for hypertension starts sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main risk?
答案: C · 12 months
In adults, prolonged grief disorder requires at least 12 months since the loss (6 months for children and adolescents), with intense yearning or preoccupation that impairs functioning. ICD-11 uses a shorter minimum of 6 months.
答案: C · Look for medical causes, such as delirium, medicines, infection or a neurocognitive disorder
New psychosis in an older adult needs a full medical work-up. Delirium, medicine effects, infections, metabolic problems, dementia and brain lesions are common causes.
答案: A · 反社会型人格障碍
反社会型人格障碍包括欺骗、冲动、攻击性和缺乏悔意,并在童年有品行障碍的证据。
答案: D · 暴食障碍
暴食障碍是反复暴食并伴有痛苦,但没有规律的补偿行为。贪食症需要有补偿行为,厌食症则需要体重显著偏低。
答案: C · 快速达到目标血药浓度
负荷剂量填满分布容积,使有效浓度立即达到,而不必等待 4–5 个半衰期达到稳态。
答案: A · Symptomatic low blood pressure and fainting
Alpha blockers and PDE5 inhibitors both cause vasodilation, so together they can cause marked hypotension. Patients should be stable on the alpha blocker, and the PDE5 inhibitor is started at a low dose.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing