精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

In family systems theory, what is meant by the "identified patient"?

  1. AThe family member who has the most serious physical illness
  2. BThe member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
  3. CThe patient whose identity has been checked against a wristband before treatment
  4. DThe family member who pays for the treatment
2.精神科护理困难

A man is found in a city far from home. He cannot remember who he is or how he got there, but his speech and thinking are otherwise normal. Tests show no head injury or intoxication. What is most likely?

  1. ADissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
  2. BDelirium
  3. CA manic episode with poor judgement and impulsive travel
  4. DAlzheimer's disease
3.临床心理学中等

根据克拉克的惊恐认知模型，惊恐发作源于：

  1. A害怕被他人评价
  2. B本我与超我之间围绕被禁止冲动的潜意识冲突
  3. C日常生活中缺乏有奖赏性的活动
  4. D对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解
4.临床心理学困难

同卵双生子的精神分裂症同病率高于异卵双生子。这说明什么？

  1. A环境不起任何作用
  2. B双胞胎比其他兄弟姐妹更容易被临床医生误诊
  3. C基因会增加风险，但环境也很重要
  4. D精神分裂症完全由基因引起
5.药理学中等

A patient taking levodopa finds that the drug works poorly after large meals. Which advice is most appropriate?

  1. ATake every dose with a large glass of milk and a protein snack
  2. BTake the drug only at bedtime
  3. CDouble the dose after each meal
  4. DAvoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals
6.药理学困难

A nurse calculates a child's dose and finds it is ten times higher than the usual range in the drug reference. What should the nurse do?

  1. AGive half the dose as a compromise
  2. BGive the dose, because the prescriber is responsible for the order
  3. CGive one tenth of the dose without telling anyone
  4. DWithhold it, recheck the calculation and clarify with the prescriber

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem

为什么是这个答案

Family systems theory sees the family as a unit in which each member affects the others. The "identified patient" carries the symptoms, but the therapy looks at patterns in the whole family.

答案

B · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
2.精神科护理

答案: A · Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

为什么是这个答案

In dissociative fugue, the person travels away and cannot recall their identity or past, usually after a stressful event. Medical causes such as head injury, seizures and substances must be ruled out first.

答案

A · Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解

为什么是这个答案

克拉克提出，人们把心悸或头晕等感觉解释为灾难即将来临的信号，这会加剧焦虑和这些感觉，形成恶性循环。

答案

D · 对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解
4.临床心理学

答案: C · 基因会增加风险，但环境也很重要

为什么是这个答案

同卵高于异卵的同病率表明存在遗传作用，而远低于 100% 的同病率说明环境因素同样重要。

答案

C · 基因会增加风险，但环境也很重要
5.药理学

答案: D · Avoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals

为什么是这个答案

Dietary amino acids compete with levodopa for absorption in the gut and transport into the brain. Spreading protein through the day or timing doses away from high-protein meals improves the effect.

答案

D · Avoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals
6.药理学

答案: D · Withhold it, recheck the calculation and clarify with the prescriber

为什么是这个答案

Doses outside the safe range must be questioned before administration. The nurse holds the dose, rechecks the weight and calculation and contacts the prescriber or pharmacist.

答案

D · Withhold it, recheck the calculation and clarify with the prescriber

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