精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A patient taking phenelzine, an MAOI, is being taught before discharge. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

  1. A"I'll tell any new doctor or dentist that I take an MAOI."
  2. B"I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."
  3. C"I'll avoid aged cheese and cured meats."
  4. D"A sudden severe headache is a reason to get help straight away."
2.精神科护理困难

A patient who has worked well with the nurse for three weeks becomes angry and refuses to attend their sessions after being told that discharge is planned for next week. What is the best interpretation?

  1. AThe patient is reacting to the coming end of the relationship
  2. BThe patient no longer needs the sessions and should be discharged at once
  3. CThe patient has developed a new psychotic illness
  4. DThe nurse has made an error and should cancel the discharge
3.临床心理学中等

MMPI 的效度量表旨在检测：

  1. A脑损伤
  2. B来访者的智力水平
  3. C哪种疗法效果最好
  4. D前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
4.临床心理学困难

习得性无助（塞利格曼）被提出作为哪种障碍的模型？

  1. A特定恐惧症
  2. B孤独症谱系障碍
  3. C精神分裂症
  4. D抑郁症
5.药理学中等

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

  1. ATake them all at the same time as cholestyramine
  2. BTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed
  3. CTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
  4. DMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
6.药理学困难

对于一级消除的药物，剂量加倍（给药间隔不变）会：

  1. A使半衰期加倍
  2. B稳态浓度不变，但达到稳态所需的时间减半
  3. C使稳态浓度加倍，但不改变达到稳态的时间
  4. D使达到稳态的时间减半

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · "I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."

为什么是这个答案

Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine are sympathomimetics and can cause a hypertensive crisis with MAOIs. Patients should check any new medicine, including over-the-counter remedies, with a pharmacist or prescriber.

答案

B · "I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."
2.精神科护理

答案: A · The patient is reacting to the coming end of the relationship

为什么是这个答案

Anger, withdrawal or return of symptoms are common responses to termination. The nurse acknowledges the feelings, reviews progress and helps the patient prepare for the ending.

答案

A · The patient is reacting to the coming end of the relationship
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答

为什么是这个答案

效度量表能标出随意作答、装坏或装好，使临床工作者知道临床量表的剖面图能否解释。

答案

D · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
4.临床心理学

答案: D · 抑郁症

为什么是这个答案

经历无法控制的厌恶事件后，动物和人即使在能够逃脱时也可能放弃尝试，这与抑郁中的被动和绝望相似。

答案

D · 抑郁症
5.药理学

答案: C · Take them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine

为什么是这个答案

Bile acid sequestrants bind many drugs, such as warfarin, digoxin and levothyroxine, as well as fat-soluble vitamins. Other drugs are taken about 1 hour before or 4–6 hours after it.

答案

C · Take them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
6.药理学

答案: C · 使稳态浓度加倍，但不改变达到稳态的时间

为什么是这个答案

一级动力学中，稳态浓度与给药速率成正比，但仍需约 4–5 个半衰期才能达到。

答案

C · 使稳态浓度加倍，但不改变达到稳态的时间

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