精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
How does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differ from obsessive-compulsive disorder?
一名患者 10 天前开始服用抗抑郁药。他说现在精力更充沛了,但仍然感到绝望。为什么这需要仔细监测?
哪种副作用是第一代(典型)抗精神病药的长期风险?
治疗师说:"与其和'我是个失败者'这个想法作斗争,不如把它仅仅当作一个想法来觉察,然后去做对你重要的事。"这最能代表哪种疗法?
Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?
Carboprost is a prostaglandin used for postpartum haemorrhage. In which woman should it be avoided?
答案: C · It is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions
In OCPD, rigid perfectionism, orderliness and control are part of the personality and usually feel right to the person. In OCD, the person has intrusive obsessions and compulsions that they usually find distressing.
答案: B · 精力可能在情绪改善之前恢复,这可能增加他将自杀念头付诸行动的风险
在早期治疗中,精力和动力可能先于抑郁情绪改善。持续绝望的患者此时可能有精力把自杀念头付诸行动,因此要密切重新评估风险。
答案: D · 迟发性运动障碍
长期阻断多巴胺可导致迟发性运动障碍,表现为面部、舌和四肢不自主的重复运动,且可能不可逆。
答案: A · 接纳承诺疗法(ACT)
ACT(海斯)运用接纳、认知解离和基于价值的行动。与传统认知疗法不同,它不试图驳斥想法的内容。
答案: C · Take it after food with a full glass of water
Nausea is the most common adverse effect of varenicline and is reduced by taking it after food with water. Patients should also report changes in mood or behaviour.
答案: A · A woman with asthma
Carboprost is a PGF2-alpha analogue that can cause bronchospasm. Oxytocin is first-line, and carboprost is avoided in asthma.
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