精神科护理:速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

How does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differ from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

  1. AIt starts suddenly in later life after a stressful event and goes away on its own within a few months
  2. BIt always involves repeated hand washing and checking rituals
  3. CIt is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions
  4. DPeople with it always feel that their behaviour is senseless and unwanted
2.精神科护理困难

一名患者 10 天前开始服用抗抑郁药。他说现在精力更充沛了,但仍然感到绝望。为什么这需要仔细监测?

  1. A这意味着剂量过低,因此应立即停用这种抗抑郁药并换用另一种
  2. B精力可能在情绪改善之前恢复,这可能增加他将自杀念头付诸行动的风险
  3. C这意味着抗抑郁药已充分起效
  4. D这是 5-羟色胺综合征的征象
3.临床心理学中等

哪种副作用是第一代(典型)抗精神病药的长期风险?

  1. A吃奶酪后的高血压危象
  2. B像苯二氮䓬类一样的躯体依赖
  3. C5-羟色胺综合征
  4. D迟发性运动障碍
4.临床心理学困难

治疗师说:"与其和'我是个失败者'这个想法作斗争,不如把它仅仅当作一个想法来觉察,然后去做对你重要的事。"这最能代表哪种疗法?

  1. A接纳承诺疗法(ACT)
  2. B理性情绪行为疗法
  3. C经典精神分析
  4. D系统脱敏
5.药理学中等

Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?

  1. ATake double doses in the first week
  2. BTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
  3. CTake it after food with a full glass of water
  4. DTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
6.药理学困难

Carboprost is a prostaglandin used for postpartum haemorrhage. In which woman should it be avoided?

  1. AA woman with asthma
  2. BA woman with iron deficiency anaemia
  3. CA woman who had a vaginal birth
  4. DA woman who is breastfeeding

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · It is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions

为什么是这个答案

In OCPD, rigid perfectionism, orderliness and control are part of the personality and usually feel right to the person. In OCD, the person has intrusive obsessions and compulsions that they usually find distressing.

答案

C · It is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions
2.精神科护理

答案: B · 精力可能在情绪改善之前恢复,这可能增加他将自杀念头付诸行动的风险

为什么是这个答案

在早期治疗中,精力和动力可能先于抑郁情绪改善。持续绝望的患者此时可能有精力把自杀念头付诸行动,因此要密切重新评估风险。

答案

B · 精力可能在情绪改善之前恢复,这可能增加他将自杀念头付诸行动的风险
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 迟发性运动障碍

为什么是这个答案

长期阻断多巴胺可导致迟发性运动障碍,表现为面部、舌和四肢不自主的重复运动,且可能不可逆。

答案

D · 迟发性运动障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 接纳承诺疗法(ACT)

为什么是这个答案

ACT(海斯)运用接纳、认知解离和基于价值的行动。与传统认知疗法不同,它不试图驳斥想法的内容。

答案

A · 接纳承诺疗法(ACT)
5.药理学

答案: C · Take it after food with a full glass of water

为什么是这个答案

Nausea is the most common adverse effect of varenicline and is reduced by taking it after food with water. Patients should also report changes in mood or behaviour.

答案

C · Take it after food with a full glass of water
6.药理学

答案: A · A woman with asthma

为什么是这个答案

Carboprost is a PGF2-alpha analogue that can cause bronchospasm. Oxytocin is first-line, and carboprost is avoided in asthma.

答案

A · A woman with asthma

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