精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A patient who has just been admitted says, "I don't want to talk to anyone." What is the best initial nursing approach?

  1. ALeave the patient alone until he asks to talk
  2. BAsk a series of direct questions until he answers
  3. CTell the patient that talking is required to be discharged
  4. DSpend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
2.精神科护理困难

A 10-year-old eats only a few foods and refuses others because he fears choking after a frightening episode. He is losing weight but has no concerns about body shape. Which diagnosis fits best?

  1. AAnorexia nervosa
  2. BBinge-eating disorder with secret eating
  3. CAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
  4. DBulimia nervosa
3.临床心理学中等

哪种人格障碍的特点是普遍地漠视他人权利？

  1. A依赖型人格障碍
  2. B反社会型人格障碍
  3. C边缘型人格障碍
  4. D回避型人格障碍
4.临床心理学困难

与对照组相比，在精神分裂症患者群体中反复报告的脑部发现是什么？

  1. A垂体肿瘤
  2. B侧脑室扩大
  3. C完全没有海马
  4. D所有患者的额叶都增大
5.药理学中等

Why is directly observed therapy (DOT) often used for tuberculosis?

  1. ATreatment lasts months, and missed doses cause resistance
  2. BTB drugs must always be given intravenously in hospital
  3. CThe drugs work only if a nurse is present
  4. DPatients with TB cannot swallow tablets
6.药理学困难

A patient on warfarin also takes ginkgo and high-dose garlic supplements and is having minor surgery next week. What should the nurse do?

  1. AAdvise taking extra supplements to improve healing
  2. BIgnore the supplements, as natural products are safe with warfarin
  3. CTell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
  4. DAdvise stopping warfarin without telling anyone

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: D · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation

为什么是这个答案

Short, frequent, predictable contacts show acceptance and help build trust. Forcing conversation increases anxiety, while leaving the patient alone can reinforce withdrawal.

答案

D · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
2.精神科护理

答案: C · Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

为什么是这个答案

ARFID involves avoiding or restricting food because of sensory features, lack of interest or fear of consequences such as choking, leading to weight loss or nutritional problems. Unlike anorexia, there is no disturbance in body image.

答案

C · Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
3.临床心理学

答案: B · 反社会型人格障碍

为什么是这个答案

反社会型人格障碍包括欺骗、冲动、攻击性和缺乏悔意，并在童年有品行障碍的证据。

答案

B · 反社会型人格障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 侧脑室扩大

为什么是这个答案

平均而言，精神分裂症患者有脑室扩大和灰质减少。这些差异是群体平均值，不能用于对个体进行诊断。

答案

B · 侧脑室扩大
5.药理学

答案: A · Treatment lasts months, and missed doses cause resistance

为什么是这个答案

Standard TB treatment usually lasts six months or more with several drugs. Poor adherence leads to relapse and multidrug-resistant TB, so supervised dosing improves completion.

答案

A · Treatment lasts months, and missed doses cause resistance
6.药理学

答案: C · Tell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding

为什么是这个答案

Ginkgo and garlic may impair platelet function and add to warfarin's bleeding risk. The team needs a full list of supplements so it can plan, and the patient should not change warfarin without advice.

答案

C · Tell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding

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