精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which goal for a patient with depression is written in a SMART way?
开始使用氟哌啶醇五天后,一名患者体温 40 °C,四肢强直,意识模糊,血压波动并出汗。护士应首先做什么?
哪种副作用是第一代(典型)抗精神病药的长期风险?
一位强迫症来访者出门前要检查炉子二十次。根据认知行为模型,为什么检查会维持这种障碍?
During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?
How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?
答案: C · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
A SMART goal states exactly what the patient will do, how much and by when, so that progress can be evaluated. Vague goals cannot be measured.
答案: A · 暂停抗精神病药并紧急寻求医疗帮助
这些表现提示抗精神病药恶性综合征。应停用抗精神病药,紧急请医生会诊,开始降温和支持治疗,并监测生命体征、肾功能和 CK。
答案: B · 迟发性运动障碍
长期阻断多巴胺可导致迟发性运动障碍,表现为面部、舌和四肢不自主的重复运动,且可能不可逆。
答案: C · 检查后的解脱感强化了检查,并阻碍其认识到恐惧没有根据
强迫行为因短期的解脱而得到负强化,并使当事人无法认识到焦虑会自行下降。这就是 ERP 要阻止仪式行为的原因。
答案: A · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
Rapid vancomycin infusion releases histamine, causing flushing and itching of the upper body (formerly called "red man syndrome"). It is managed by stopping or slowing the infusion, and sometimes with an antihistamine.
答案: A · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
Aripiprazole is a D2 partial agonist, reducing dopamine activity where it is high and providing some where it is low. It causes less weight gain and prolactin rise than many antipsychotics, but akathisia is common.
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