精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A child repeatedly eats paint flakes, soil and paper for more than a month. What is this called, and what is a key risk?
A patient asks the nurse to pray with her before her ECT. The nurse does not share her religion. What is the most appropriate response?
服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)的患者必须避免富含酪胺的食物,因为:
在塞利格曼后来对习得性无助的重新表述(艾布拉姆森、塞利格曼和蒂斯代尔)中,当人们把负面事件归因于哪类原因时最容易抑郁?
阿昔洛韦主要用于治疗由什么引起的感染?
Why should a dose never be written as "5.0 mg" on a medication order?
答案: D · Pica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
Pica is persistent eating of non-food substances, inappropriate for the person's developmental level. Risks include lead poisoning, infections, dental damage and intestinal obstruction.
答案: B · Respect the request, join in if comfortable, and offer to call the chaplain
Supporting spiritual needs can reduce distress. The nurse can respond with respect within her own comfort, and refer to chaplaincy or faith leaders, without imposing her own beliefs.
答案: C · 两者合用可导致血压危险地升高
MAO 正常时分解食物中的酪胺。它被抑制后,酪胺可引发高血压危象,因此使用 MAOI 需要饮食限制。
答案: A · 内部的、稳定的和全局的
归因重新表述认为,抑郁性归因风格用内部、稳定和全局的原因来解释坏事,从而导致绝望感。
答案: D · 单纯疱疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒等疱疹病毒
阿昔洛韦在受感染细胞中被病毒胸苷激酶磷酸化,随后阻断病毒 DNA 聚合酶。它用于唇疱疹、生殖器疱疹、水痘和带状疱疹。
答案: B · The decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg
Trailing zeros (5.0) and missing leading zeros (.5) are well-known causes of tenfold errors. Safe practice is to write 5 mg and 0.5 mg.
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