精神科护理:速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A child repeatedly eats paint flakes, soil and paper for more than a month. What is this called, and what is a key risk?

  1. AARFID; the risk of choking on food
  2. BBulimia; severe hypokalaemia from vomiting
  3. CAnorexia; dangerously low body weight and bradycardia
  4. DPica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
2.精神科护理困难

A patient asks the nurse to pray with her before her ECT. The nurse does not share her religion. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. AIgnore the request politely and change the subject to the procedure itself
  2. BRespect the request, join in if comfortable, and offer to call the chaplain
  3. CTry to persuade her to adopt the nurse's own beliefs
  4. DTell her that religion has no place in hospital care
3.临床心理学中等

服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)的患者必须避免富含酪胺的食物,因为:

  1. A酪胺会导致严重的体重下降
  2. B酪胺会完全阻断 MAOI 的抗抑郁效果
  3. C两者合用可导致血压危险地升高
  4. D两者合用会导致迟发性运动障碍
4.临床心理学困难

在塞利格曼后来对习得性无助的重新表述(艾布拉姆森、塞利格曼和蒂斯代尔)中,当人们把负面事件归因于哪类原因时最容易抑郁?

  1. A内部的、稳定的和全局的
  2. B内部的、不稳定的和特定的
  3. C外部的、不稳定的和特定的
  4. D外部的、稳定的和特定的
5.药理学中等

阿昔洛韦主要用于治疗由什么引起的感染?

  1. AHIV
  2. B甲型流感病毒
  3. C产 β-内酰胺酶的细菌
  4. D单纯疱疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒等疱疹病毒
6.药理学困难

Why should a dose never be written as "5.0 mg" on a medication order?

  1. AThe pharmacy cannot supply doses that contain a decimal point
  2. BThe decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg
  3. CIt means the dose must be given five times
  4. DIt is too precise for most drugs

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: D · Pica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction

为什么是这个答案

Pica is persistent eating of non-food substances, inappropriate for the person's developmental level. Risks include lead poisoning, infections, dental damage and intestinal obstruction.

答案

D · Pica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
2.精神科护理

答案: B · Respect the request, join in if comfortable, and offer to call the chaplain

为什么是这个答案

Supporting spiritual needs can reduce distress. The nurse can respond with respect within her own comfort, and refer to chaplaincy or faith leaders, without imposing her own beliefs.

答案

B · Respect the request, join in if comfortable, and offer to call the chaplain
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 两者合用可导致血压危险地升高

为什么是这个答案

MAO 正常时分解食物中的酪胺。它被抑制后,酪胺可引发高血压危象,因此使用 MAOI 需要饮食限制。

答案

C · 两者合用可导致血压危险地升高
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 内部的、稳定的和全局的

为什么是这个答案

归因重新表述认为,抑郁性归因风格用内部、稳定和全局的原因来解释坏事,从而导致绝望感。

答案

A · 内部的、稳定的和全局的
5.药理学

答案: D · 单纯疱疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒等疱疹病毒

为什么是这个答案

阿昔洛韦在受感染细胞中被病毒胸苷激酶磷酸化,随后阻断病毒 DNA 聚合酶。它用于唇疱疹、生殖器疱疹、水痘和带状疱疹。

答案

D · 单纯疱疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒等疱疹病毒
6.药理学

答案: B · The decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg

为什么是这个答案

Trailing zeros (5.0) and missing leading zeros (.5) are well-known causes of tenfold errors. Safe practice is to write 5 mg and 0.5 mg.

答案

B · The decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg

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