精神科护理:速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

应教导服用双硫仑的患者什么?

  1. A只有同时饮酒它才起作用,所以每天需要喝少量葡萄酒
  2. B避免一切酒精,包括某些漱口水和酱汁等隐蔽来源
  3. C一剂即可治愈酒精依赖
  4. D少量啤酒是安全的
2.精神科护理困难

On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?

  1. ATell him that his symptoms are normal after hip surgery
  2. BAsk him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
  3. CAssume he has post-operative pain and give extra analgesia only
  4. DWait until the next day to see if the symptoms go away on their own once his pain is better controlled
3.临床心理学中等

苯二氮䓬类药物减轻焦虑的主要机制是:

  1. A增强 GABA 在 GABA-A 受体上的作用
  2. B阻断 5-羟色胺被突触前神经元再摄取
  3. C阻断多巴胺 D2 受体
  4. D抑制单胺氧化酶
4.临床心理学困难

哪项发现最能支持 5-羟色胺及其他单胺在抑郁中的作用,而不仅仅是环境因素?

  1. A无论社会和经济状况有多大差异,所有国家的抑郁发生率都相同
  2. B每个经历丧失的人都会变得抑郁
  3. C抑郁从不在家族中聚集
  4. D在随机试验中,作用于单胺系统的药物比安慰剂更能减轻抑郁症状
5.药理学中等

Sumatriptan is contraindicated in which patient?

  1. AA patient with iron deficiency anaemia
  2. BA patient with mild asthma
  3. CA patient with a recent ankle sprain
  4. DA patient with coronary artery disease
6.药理学困难

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. ATimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
  2. BThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
  3. CTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways
  4. DThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · 避免一切酒精,包括某些漱口水和酱汁等隐蔽来源

为什么是这个答案

双硫仑阻断乙醛的分解,因此饮酒会引起面部潮红、恶心、呕吐、心悸和低血压。患者必须避免任何形式的酒精。

答案

B · 避免一切酒精,包括某些漱口水和酱汁等隐蔽来源
2.精神科护理

答案: B · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings

为什么是这个答案

Unexpected alcohol withdrawal is common in surgical patients. Asking about drinking, using a withdrawal scale and reporting early allows treatment before seizures or delirium tremens develop.

答案

B · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
3.临床心理学

答案: A · 增强 GABA 在 GABA-A 受体上的作用

为什么是这个答案

苯二氮䓬类增加 GABA-A 受体的活性,产生迅速的镇静作用。由于会产生耐受和依赖,通常只建议短期使用。

答案

A · 增强 GABA 在 GABA-A 受体上的作用
4.临床心理学

答案: D · 在随机试验中,作用于单胺系统的药物比安慰剂更能减轻抑郁症状

为什么是这个答案

平均而言,针对单胺的抗抑郁药优于安慰剂,尽管优势不大。这支持生物因素的作用,但并不能说明仅仅是低 5-羟色胺导致了抑郁。

答案

D · 在随机试验中,作用于单胺系统的药物比安慰剂更能减轻抑郁症状
5.药理学

答案: D · A patient with coronary artery disease

为什么是这个答案

Triptans can constrict coronary arteries and cause angina or myocardial infarction. They are avoided in coronary disease, uncontrolled hypertension and previous stroke.

答案

D · A patient with coronary artery disease
6.药理学

答案: C · Timolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

为什么是这个答案

Ophthalmic timolol is a non-selective beta blocker and can reach the circulation in amounts that cause bronchospasm or bradycardia. It is generally avoided in asthma.

答案

C · Timolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

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