精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
应教导服用双硫仑的患者什么?
On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?
苯二氮䓬类药物减轻焦虑的主要机制是:
哪项发现最能支持 5-羟色胺及其他单胺在抑郁中的作用,而不仅仅是环境因素?
Sumatriptan is contraindicated in which patient?
A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?
答案: B · 避免一切酒精,包括某些漱口水和酱汁等隐蔽来源
双硫仑阻断乙醛的分解,因此饮酒会引起面部潮红、恶心、呕吐、心悸和低血压。患者必须避免任何形式的酒精。
答案: B · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
Unexpected alcohol withdrawal is common in surgical patients. Asking about drinking, using a withdrawal scale and reporting early allows treatment before seizures or delirium tremens develop.
答案: A · 增强 GABA 在 GABA-A 受体上的作用
苯二氮䓬类增加 GABA-A 受体的活性,产生迅速的镇静作用。由于会产生耐受和依赖,通常只建议短期使用。
答案: D · 在随机试验中,作用于单胺系统的药物比安慰剂更能减轻抑郁症状
平均而言,针对单胺的抗抑郁药优于安慰剂,尽管优势不大。这支持生物因素的作用,但并不能说明仅仅是低 5-羟色胺导致了抑郁。
答案: D · A patient with coronary artery disease
Triptans can constrict coronary arteries and cause angina or myocardial infarction. They are avoided in coronary disease, uncontrolled hypertension and previous stroke.
答案: C · Timolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways
Ophthalmic timolol is a non-selective beta blocker and can reach the circulation in amounts that cause bronchospasm or bradycardia. It is generally avoided in asthma.
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