精神科护理:速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

When is the risk of suicide particularly high for patients after psychiatric inpatient care?

  1. AIn the first weeks after discharge
  2. BThere is no change in risk after discharge
  3. COnly after one year at home
  4. DOnly while the patient is asleep in hospital
2.精神科护理困难

A new nurse asks why the therapeutic relationship is different from a social relationship. Which statement is correct?

  1. ABoth people share their needs equally, as in any friendship
  2. BIt has no fixed end, and it can continue as a friendship after discharge if both the nurse and the patient want it to
  3. CIt is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries
  4. DThe patient is responsible for setting the boundaries of the relationship
3.临床心理学中等

一名女性三年来大部分日子里一天中的大部分时间都情绪低落,但程度未达到重性抑郁。哪种 DSM-5 诊断最合适?

  1. A伴抑郁心境的适应障碍
  2. B环性心境障碍
  3. C双相 II 型障碍
  4. D持续性抑郁障碍(心境恶劣)
4.临床心理学困难

一名男子说一位著名歌手暗恋他,并通过她的歌曲向他发送暗语。除此之外,他的思维和行为都正常,也没有幻觉。哪种诊断最合适?

  1. A伴躁狂的双相障碍
  2. B妄想障碍,钟情型
  3. C自恋型人格障碍
  4. D精神分裂症,偏执型
5.药理学中等

Which drug is used for torsades de pointes?

  1. AIntravenous magnesium sulfate
  2. BOral digoxin
  3. CIntravenous verapamil
  4. DIntravenous adenosine (rapid push)
6.药理学困难

为什么庆大霉素的给药需要监测血药浓度?

  1. A它完全由肝脏代谢,因此由肝功能决定剂量
  2. B它只在极高浓度下有效
  3. C它会引起严重低血糖
  4. D它有肾毒性和耳毒性,且治疗指数窄

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: A · In the first weeks after discharge

为什么是这个答案

The period shortly after discharge carries a high risk of suicide. Early follow-up, a safety plan and clear crisis contacts help bridge the transition.

答案

A · In the first weeks after discharge
2.精神科护理

答案: C · It is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries

为什么是这个答案

A therapeutic relationship has a clear purpose, focuses on the patient's needs and has a planned end. The nurse, not the patient, is responsible for keeping professional boundaries.

答案

C · It is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 持续性抑郁障碍(心境恶劣)

为什么是这个答案

成人持续性抑郁障碍要求抑郁心境至少持续两年,并伴有食欲差、精力不足或绝望感等其他症状。

答案

D · 持续性抑郁障碍(心境恶劣)
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 妄想障碍,钟情型

为什么是这个答案

妄想障碍是存在一种或多种妄想至少一个月,但不符合精神分裂症的标准,且除妄想外功能没有明显受损。钟情妄想是认为另一个人爱上了自己。

答案

B · 妄想障碍,钟情型
5.药理学

答案: A · Intravenous magnesium sulfate

为什么是这个答案

IV magnesium is first-line for torsades de pointes, even when serum magnesium is normal. QT-prolonging drugs are stopped and potassium is corrected.

答案

A · Intravenous magnesium sulfate
6.药理学

答案: D · 它有肾毒性和耳毒性,且治疗指数窄

为什么是这个答案

庆大霉素等氨基糖苷类可损伤肾脏和内耳。它们经肾清除,肾功能受损时浓度升高,因此需要监测。

答案

D · 它有肾毒性和耳毒性,且治疗指数窄

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