精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
一名因双相障碍服用拉莫三嗪的患者出现新的皮疹。护士应怎么做?
A patient with long-standing schizophrenia is often seen drinking from the taps. Today he is confused, has a headache and his serum sodium is 124 mmol/L (124 mEq/L). What is the most likely problem?
一个人回避公交车、商店、空旷的停车场和排队,因为一旦惊恐发作可能难以逃离。哪种诊断最合适?
华生和雷纳的"小艾伯特"研究常被引用来证明:
Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?
A patient on valproate becomes lethargic, starts vomiting and develops jaundice. Which adverse effect should be suspected first?
答案: B · 及时上报,因为这可能是严重皮肤反应的开始
拉莫三嗪可引起 Stevens–Johnson 综合征,尤其是在治疗早期或剂量增加过快时。任何皮疹都需要及时的医疗评估。
答案: D · Water intoxication from psychogenic polydipsia
Some patients with chronic psychosis drink excessive water, which dilutes sodium and can cause confusion, seizures and coma. The nurse reports the result, monitors neurological status and follows orders for fluid restriction and regular weights.
答案: C · 广场恐惧症
广场恐惧症是对至少两类情境(公共交通、开放空间、封闭空间、人群或排队、独自外出)的恐惧,因为在这些情境中可能无法逃离或得不到帮助。
答案: D · 恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得
白鼠多次与巨响配对出现后,艾伯特开始害怕白鼠,而且这种恐惧泛化到了相似的物体上。这项研究现在因伦理和方法问题而受到批评。
答案: A · Pain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
Fluoroquinolones can cause tendinitis and tendon rupture. Patients should stop exercise and report tendon pain promptly.
答案: A · Liver toxicity
Valproate can cause serious hepatotoxicity, especially in young children and early in treatment. Liver function tests are checked, and the drug may need to be stopped; pancreatitis is another serious risk.
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