精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

Which physical finding is common in bulimia nervosa?

  1. AA high serum potassium level
  2. BSwelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw
  3. CRaised blood pressure, a fast pulse and a high temperature
  4. DVery low body weight with lanugo hair
2.精神科护理困难

A woman who takes lithium for bipolar disorder tells the nurse she would like to become pregnant. What is the best response?

  1. A"Lithium is completely safe in pregnancy, so there is no need to change anything at all."
  2. B"Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."
  3. C"Stop the lithium today so that it is out of your body before you get pregnant."
  4. D"You'll need to choose between treating your bipolar disorder and having a baby."
3.临床心理学中等

在艾利斯的 ABC 模型中，"B"代表什么？

  1. A应激时的身体感觉（Bodily sensations）
  2. B对诱发事件的信念（Beliefs）
  3. C事件之后的行为（Behaviour）
  4. D来访者的背景（Background）
4.临床心理学困难

心理治疗研究中的"渡渡鸟裁决"是指以下哪项发现？

  1. A等待名单上未经治疗的来访者比接受治疗的来访者好转得更快
  2. B药物总是优于心理治疗
  3. C各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果
  4. D只有精神分析对抑郁有效
5.药理学中等

How should a patient store sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) tablets?

  1. AIn a plastic weekly pill box with other tablets
  2. BIn the fridge in a damp, open container to keep them fresh and cool
  3. CIn the original dark glass bottle, away from heat, light and moisture
  4. DLoose in a shirt pocket close to the body for quick access
6.药理学困难

How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?

  1. AIt works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin only
  2. BIt is a full dopamine agonist that increases dopamine activity
  3. CIt has no effect on dopamine and acts only on histamine
  4. DIt is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · Swelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw

为什么是这个答案

Repeated vomiting can enlarge the parotid glands and erode tooth enamel. Patients with bulimia often have a normal weight, and purging tends to lower potassium.

答案

B · Swelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw
2.精神科护理

答案: B · "Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."

为什么是这个答案

Lithium in early pregnancy is linked to cardiac malformations, but stopping it abruptly greatly raises the risk of relapse. Pre-conception planning with the prescriber balances these risks.

答案

B · "Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."
3.临床心理学

答案: B · 对诱发事件的信念（Beliefs）

为什么是这个答案

在 ABC 模型中，诱发事件（Activating event）通过个人的信念（Beliefs）导致情绪后果（Consequences）。改变非理性信念就能改变后果。

答案

B · 对诱发事件的信念（Beliefs）
4.临床心理学

答案: C · 各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果

为什么是这个答案

元分析常发现成熟疗法之间的差异很小，这被视为支持治疗联盟等共同因素的证据。但强迫症和恐惧症等障碍显示，暴露等特定疗法具有明显优势。

答案

C · 各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果
5.药理学

答案: C · In the original dark glass bottle, away from heat, light and moisture

为什么是这个答案

Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency when exposed to light, heat, air and moisture. They are kept in their original tightly closed dark container, and expired tablets are replaced.

答案

C · In the original dark glass bottle, away from heat, light and moisture
6.药理学

答案: D · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors

为什么是这个答案

Aripiprazole is a D2 partial agonist, reducing dopamine activity where it is high and providing some where it is low. It causes less weight gain and prolactin rise than many antipsychotics, but akathisia is common.

答案

D · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors

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