精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

Why is giving approval, such as saying "That's good" about a patient's decision, considered non-therapeutic?

  1. AIt shows that the nurse is not listening at all
  2. BIt is against the law in mental health settings
  3. CIt suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards
  4. DIt always makes the patient angry and more likely to become aggressive towards staff
2.精神科护理困难

A man is found in a city far from home. He cannot remember who he is or how he got there, but his speech and thinking are otherwise normal. Tests show no head injury or intoxication. What is most likely?

  1. AAlzheimer's disease
  2. BDelirium
  3. CA manic episode with poor judgement and impulsive travel
  4. DDissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
3.临床心理学中等

哪种异常标准在某种行为在人群中罕见时就判定其为异常？

  1. A不能充分发挥功能
  2. B统计上的罕见性
  3. C偏离社会规范
  4. D偏离理想的心理健康
4.临床心理学困难

一名 22 岁的人出现幻觉和妄想两个月，之后症状完全消失，期间没有心境发作。哪种诊断最合适？

  1. A精神分裂症样障碍
  2. B分裂情感性障碍
  3. C短暂精神病性障碍
  4. D精神分裂症
5.药理学中等

异丙托溴铵是用于 COPD 的支气管扩张剂。它如何起作用？

  1. A阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体
  2. B像糖皮质激素一样减轻炎症
  3. C阻断白三烯受体
  4. D它刺激气道中的 β2 肾上腺素受体
6.药理学困难

Morphine 4 mg IV is ordered. The ampoule contains 10 mg/mL. What volume should be drawn up?

  1. A0.04 mL
  2. B2.5 mL
  3. C4 mL
  4. D0.4 mL

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · It suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards

为什么是这个答案

Approval can make the patient try to please the nurse rather than make their own decisions, and may suggest that the opposite choice would be "bad". Giving recognition or exploring the decision is preferred.

答案

C · It suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards
2.精神科护理

答案: D · Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

为什么是这个答案

In dissociative fugue, the person travels away and cannot recall their identity or past, usually after a stressful event. Medical causes such as head injury, seizures and substances must be ruled out first.

答案

D · Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
3.临床心理学

答案: B · 统计上的罕见性

为什么是这个答案

统计罕见性把远离平均水平的行为定义为异常。其缺点是有些罕见特质（如极高的智商）是令人向往的。

答案

B · 统计上的罕见性
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 精神分裂症样障碍

为什么是这个答案

精神分裂症样障碍具有精神分裂症的症状，但持续一到六个月。病程是区分它与短暂精神病性障碍和精神分裂症的主要特征。

答案

A · 精神分裂症样障碍
5.药理学

答案: A · 阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体

为什么是这个答案

异丙托溴铵是一种吸入性抗胆碱药。它阻断迷走神经介导的支气管收缩和黏液分泌，对 COPD 尤其有用。

答案

A · 阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体
6.药理学

答案: D · 0.4 mL

为什么是这个答案

4 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 0.4 mL. The unused remainder of a controlled drug is discarded with a witness.

答案

D · 0.4 mL

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