精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
应教导服用双硫仑的患者什么?
An 81-year-old woman's memory has slowly worsened over 2 years. She repeats questions and gets lost in familiar places, but she is alert and her attention is normal. Which condition is most likely?
在贝克的抑郁认知模型中,"认知三联征"是指对什么的负面看法?
一名学生相信"如果我不完美,我就一文不值"。在贝克的模型中,这一信念最恰当的归类是:
A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?
A patient with heart failure starts taking naproxen regularly for back pain. Why is this a concern?
答案: D · 避免一切酒精,包括某些漱口水和酱汁等隐蔽来源
双硫仑阻断乙醛的分解,因此饮酒会引起面部潮红、恶心、呕吐、心悸和低血压。患者必须避免任何形式的酒精。
答案: B · A neurocognitive disorder such as Alzheimer's disease
Gradual, progressive memory loss with impaired daily functioning and normal alertness suggests dementia, most commonly Alzheimer's disease. Delirium is acute and fluctuating with impaired attention.
答案: C · 自己、世界和未来
贝克提出,抑郁者对自己、世界(或自身经历)和未来持负面看法,并由认知歪曲加以维持。
答案: D · 使人易感的功能失调性假设或核心信念
贝克区分了表层的负性自动思维与更深层的图式和条件性假设。这类信念处于潜伏状态,直到被与之相符的应激源(如失败)激活。
答案: D · Any new skin rash
Lamotrigine can cause serious skin reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The dose is increased slowly, especially with valproate, and any rash must be assessed promptly.
答案: C · NSAIDs cause salt and water retention and can worsen heart failure
NSAIDs inhibit renal prostaglandins, causing sodium and water retention and reducing the effect of diuretics. They can trigger decompensation of heart failure and are usually avoided.
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