精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?
A patient says, "I'm such a failure. My wife left me and I lost my job." The nurse answers, "Don't worry, things will get better soon." What is wrong with this response?
治疗联盟是指:
关于抗抑郁药试验中的安慰剂效应,哪项说法最准确?
How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?
对于一级消除的药物,剂量加倍(给药间隔不变)会:
答案: D · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
As a partial agonist, aripiprazole lowers dopamine activity where it is high and supports it where it is low. It is less likely to raise prolactin or cause sedation, but akathisia is a common side effect.
答案: D · It is false reassurance that dismisses the patient's feelings
False reassurance minimises the patient's concerns and discourages further talk. A therapeutic response would acknowledge the losses and invite the patient to share more.
答案: B · 治疗师与来访者之间的合作关系以及在目标和任务上的一致
在不同治疗取向中,治疗联盟都能稳定地预测治疗效果,这支持了共同因素在心理治疗中的重要性。
答案: C · 安慰剂反应率相当高,因此试验需要对照组来显示药物效果
抑郁症试验中的安慰剂反应率常达 30–40%,因此需要随机安慰剂对照设计来显示药物的特异性效果。
答案: B · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
Oral potassium can cause nausea and, if a tablet lodges, ulceration of the oesophagus or gut. Taking it with food and plenty of water and staying upright reduces this; levels are monitored.
答案: A · 使稳态浓度加倍,但不改变达到稳态的时间
一级动力学中,稳态浓度与给药速率成正比,但仍需约 4–5 个半衰期才能达到。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing