精神科护理:速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

卡马西平与哪些严重不良反应有关?

  1. A体重迅速下降
  2. B仅有毛发生长和牙龈增生,主要是美容方面的问题
  3. C粒细胞缺乏症等血液系统疾病,以及严重的皮肤反应
  4. D听力丧失
2.精神科护理困难

Six weeks after losing his job, a man feels low and worried and is sleeping a little less, but he still enjoys time with his children and does not meet the criteria for major depression. Which diagnosis fits best?

  1. AAdjustment disorder with depressed mood
  2. BBipolar II disorder
  3. CMajor depressive disorder
  4. DPersistent depressive disorder
3.临床心理学中等

一个人每天花几个小时担心鼻子上的一个小斑点很丑,不停地照镜子,而别人看不出有任何问题。哪种诊断合适?

  1. A躯体变形障碍
  2. B社交焦虑障碍
  3. C疾病焦虑障碍
  4. D神经性厌食症
4.临床心理学困难

一名士兵患上了 PTSD,而经历同一场战斗的大多数战友却没有。哪种模型最能解释这种差异?

  1. A感染的医学模型
  2. B素质—应激模型
  3. C统计罕见性模型
  4. D代币制模型
5.药理学中等

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

  1. AVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
  2. BVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
  3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
  4. DFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
6.药理学困难

Which strategy is most effective at preventing errors with IV insulin infusions?

  1. AUsing insulin syringes to measure large IV volumes
  2. BWriting "U" for units on the order
  3. CPreparing insulin infusions in advance and leaving them unlabelled
  4. DAn independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · 粒细胞缺乏症等血液系统疾病,以及严重的皮肤反应

为什么是这个答案

卡马西平可引起粒细胞缺乏症和再生障碍性贫血、低钠血症和 Stevens–Johnson 综合征。它是强效酶诱导剂,与许多药物有相互作用。

答案

C · 粒细胞缺乏症等血液系统疾病,以及严重的皮肤反应
2.精神科护理

答案: A · Adjustment disorder with depressed mood

为什么是这个答案

Adjustment disorder is a distressing reaction to a stressor that starts within 3 months and does not meet the criteria for another disorder, such as major depression. It usually resolves within 6 months after the stressor or its consequences end.

答案

A · Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
3.临床心理学

答案: A · 躯体变形障碍

为什么是这个答案

躯体变形障碍是对外貌上轻微或无法观察到的"缺陷"的过度关注,伴有照镜子或寻求安慰等重复行为。

答案

A · 躯体变形障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 素质—应激模型

为什么是这个答案

素质—应激模型认为,应激源主要在原本就有易感性的人身上引发障碍,例如遗传风险、既往创伤或社会支持不足。

答案

B · 素质—应激模型
5.药理学

答案: A · Vasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled

为什么是这个答案

Vasoconstriction without adequate volume reduces organ blood flow and can cause ischaemia. Fluid resuscitation restores preload, and vasopressors are then used for persistent hypotension.

答案

A · Vasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
6.药理学

答案: D · An independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

为什么是这个答案

Independent double checks, standard concentrations and smart pumps with dose limits reduce insulin errors. "U" for units is avoided because it can be misread as a zero.

答案

D · An independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

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