精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
一名服用抗精神病药的患者不停地来回踱步,并说他无法静坐。这称为什么?
A young man spends hours a day checking his nose in mirrors and has asked for several operations, although others see nothing unusual about it. What is the most likely diagnosis?
素质—应激模型认为精神障碍源于:
在塞利格曼后来对习得性无助的重新表述(艾布拉姆森、塞利格曼和蒂斯代尔)中,当人们把负面事件归因于哪类原因时最容易抑郁?
Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?
Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?
答案: D · 静坐不能
静坐不能是一种内心的不安,伴有想要活动的冲动。它令人痛苦,可能被误认为是激越或焦虑,并与不依从治疗和自杀风险增加有关。
答案: D · Body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder is a preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance, with repetitive behaviours such as mirror checking or seeking reassurance. It is related to OCD, and cosmetic surgery rarely relieves it.
答案: B · 潜在的易感性与环境应激相结合
该模型认为,(生物或心理的)易感性只有在足够的应激触发下才会导致障碍。
答案: A · 内部的、稳定的和全局的
归因重新表述认为,抑郁性归因风格用内部、稳定和全局的原因来解释坏事,从而导致绝望感。
答案: C · Urine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
Mannitol draws fluid into the circulation before it is excreted, which can cause heart failure and pulmonary oedema. The large diuresis can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, so output and electrolytes are monitored.
答案: C · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
Norpethidine is excreted by the kidney and is a CNS stimulant. When it accumulates, it causes tremor, agitation and seizures, so other opioids are preferred.
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