精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

Which feature helps distinguish normal grief from major depression?

  1. AGrief always lasts less than 2 weeks
  2. BIn grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
  3. CIn grief, the person feels worthless and hopeless all the time
  4. DIn grief, the person cannot feel any positive emotions or enjoy any memories of the person who died
2.精神科护理困难

The parents of a young man with schizophrenia often criticise him for being "lazy". He has relapsed twice this year. Which intervention is most helpful?

  1. ADischarge him to live alone in a flat, without any support from his family or the team
  2. BTell the parents that they caused his illness
  3. CAdvise the parents to stop all contact with their son
  4. DFamily psychoeducation and help to communicate with less criticism
3.临床心理学中等

一位患者躯体症状很少或没有，多次检查结果正常，却对患有严重疾病感到强烈焦虑。哪种诊断最合适？

  1. A功能性神经症状障碍
  2. B做作性障碍
  3. C躯体症状障碍
  4. D疾病焦虑障碍
4.临床心理学困难

一名长期大量饮酒者出现意识混乱、步态不稳和眼球运动异常。必须紧急治疗哪种缺乏？

  1. A硫胺素（维生素 B1）
  2. B铁
  3. C维生素 D
  4. D维生素 C
5.药理学中等

During adult cardiac arrest, how often is IV adrenaline (epinephrine) usually repeated?

  1. AEvery 30 seconds
  2. BOnce only, at the start
  3. CEvery 3–5 minutes
  4. DEvery 15–20 minutes
6.药理学困难

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

  1. AStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol
  2. BApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion
  3. CLeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours
  4. DIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · In grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept

为什么是这个答案

In grief, sadness tends to come in waves linked to reminders of the loss, and positive memories and humour are possible. Pervasive worthlessness, self-loathing and hopelessness suggest depression.

答案

B · In grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
2.精神科护理

答案: D · Family psychoeducation and help to communicate with less criticism

为什么是这个答案

Family interventions that explain symptoms such as avolition and teach problem-solving and communication skills reduce expressed emotion and relapse rates.

答案

D · Family psychoeducation and help to communicate with less criticism
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 疾病焦虑障碍

为什么是这个答案

疾病焦虑障碍是在躯体症状轻微的情况下，过度关注自己患有或将患上严重疾病。躯体症状障碍的核心则是令人痛苦的症状以及对症状的过度思虑。

答案

D · 疾病焦虑障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 硫胺素（维生素 B1）

为什么是这个答案

韦尼克脑病由硫胺素缺乏引起，表现为意识混乱、共济失调和眼部体征。若不治疗，可发展为伴有严重遗忘和虚构的科尔萨科夫综合征。

答案

A · 硫胺素（维生素 B1）
5.药理学

答案: C · Every 3–5 minutes

为什么是这个答案

In adult advanced life support, adrenaline 1 mg IV or IO is repeated every 3–5 minutes during the arrest. High-quality CPR and defibrillation for shockable rhythms remain the priorities.

答案

C · Every 3–5 minutes
6.药理学

答案: A · Stop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol

为什么是这个答案

Extravasation of a vasopressor can cause tissue necrosis. The infusion is stopped and moved to another site, and phentolamine, an alpha blocker, may be injected into the area to reverse vasoconstriction.

答案

A · Stop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol

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