NCLEX-PN 风格练习题（LPN/LVN）：速成包

A patient arrives back on the ward after surgery. What does the nurse assess first?

1. AAirway and breathing
2. BPain score
3. CFluid balance chart
4. DThe wound dressing

An older patient's leg wound has become more painful and has a new unpleasant smell, but there is no fever. What does this suggest?

1. AAn allergy to the dressing that needs no action
2. BA possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
3. CThe wound has dried out and needs to be left open
4. DNormal healing, because there is no fever and the wound is still closed

A nurse has just given an intramuscular injection with a safety needle. What should the nurse do next with the needle?

1. ABend the needle to make it unusable, then discard it
2. BActivate the safety device and drop it into a sharps container at once
3. CRecap it carefully with both hands and dispose of it after the drug round
4. DLay it on the medication tray and discard it later

A patient with dementia is often found at the exit doors trying to leave the unit. Which measure is most appropriate?

1. AGive a sedative each time the patient goes to the door
2. BUse an electronic wander alert, supervise closely and offer meaningful activity
3. CKeep the patient in a chair with a vest restraint
4. DLock the patient alone in a single room so that they cannot reach the exit doors

An older patient with dementia is restless at night and keeps trying to get out of bed. Which measure should the nurse try first?

1. ARaise all four bed rails so the patient cannot climb out
2. BGive a sedative from the as-needed list without first assessing the patient
3. CCheck for pain, thirst or a full bladder, and offer toileting
4. DApply wrist restraints for the rest of the night

The charge nurse overhears four instructions from an RN to a nursing assistant. Which one needs to be corrected?

1. A“Help him wash and change, and tell me at once if you see any red or broken skin.”
2. B“Check his glucose before lunch and tell me the number straight away.”
3. C“Walk him to the bathroom and back, and stay with him the whole time.”
4. D“Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”

A very anxious patient breathes rapidly for a long period. Which change is expected?

1. AMetabolic acidosis from a low bicarbonate
2. BRespiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO₂
3. CRespiratory acidosis from a high PaCO₂
4. DMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting

A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?

1. AThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
2. BThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear
3. CThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
4. DThe capillary refill time becomes longer

哪种治疗通过使钾进入细胞内来降低血清钾？

1. A静脉输注 0.45% 氯化钠
2. B在 10 分钟内静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙
3. C口服氯化钾补充剂
4. D静脉注射普通胰岛素并配合葡萄糖

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a platelet count of 9 × 10³/µL and reports a sudden severe headache and blurred vision. What is the priority?

1. ADim the lights and encourage rest, as headaches are common after chemotherapy
2. BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids and check the blood pressure later
3. CAssess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
4. DGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the headache and reassess in 1 hour

哪种副作用是钙通道阻滞剂氨氯地平的典型副作用？

1. A支气管痉挛
2. B踝部水肿
3. C高钾血症
4. D干咳

A malnourished patient with low serum albumin shows nystagmus and unsteady gait. Her total phenytoin level is within range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe total level is high, but the laboratory is wrong
2. BMore phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise
3. CLow albumin makes phenytoin bind more tightly, so the drug is less active
4. DLow albumin speeds up phenytoin metabolism

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum
2. BJust below the left collarbone
3. COver the left nipple
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line

一名心肌梗死恢复中的患者对恢复正常生活感到焦虑。哪项干预最能支持其康复？

1. A建议永远避免一切运动
2. B建议感觉好了就停药
3. C转介心脏康复
4. D建议卧床休息三个月

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ATake extra vitamin C supplements
2. BDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
3. CCut all calcium out of the diet
4. DDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale

一名患者的慢性低钠血症在 24 小时内从 115 纠正到 132 mmol/L。两天后他们出现言语含糊、吞咽困难和肢体无力。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A摄入不足引起的低血糖
2. B渗透性脱髓鞘综合征
3. C与血钠无关的新发卒中
4. D低钠血症的正常恢复

Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?

1. ATingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
2. BA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms
3. CIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
4. DMild itching of the feet the next day

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
2. BStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
3. CEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
4. DRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected

在 30 周时，哪个宫高与预期的生长相符？

1. A18 cm
2. B36 cm
3. C22 cm
4. D29 cm

Which statement by a woman in early labour shows a need for further teaching about pain relief?

1. A"If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."
2. B"Breathing slowly and focusing can help between contractions."
3. C"Changing position often and walking can help me cope."
4. D"A warm bath or shower may ease the pain."

A 2-year-old suddenly began coughing while eating peanuts. He now has a wheeze on one side of the chest only. What is most likely?

1. AAn inhaled foreign body
2. BBronchiolitis
3. CA first attack of asthma
4. DViral croup

A newborn becomes deeply cyanotic within hours of birth and does not improve with oxygen. A prostaglandin infusion is started. What is its purpose?

1. ATo strengthen heart muscle contraction and raise blood pressure
2. BTo keep the ductus arteriosus open so that the two circulations can mix
3. CTo dilate the airways so that oxygen can reach the alveoli
4. DTo close the ductus arteriosus and send all blood through the lungs

A man with few physical symptoms is convinced he has cancer, checks his body many times a day and is not reassured by normal test results. According to DSM-5, which disorder does this suggest?

1. AFactitious disorder
2. BIllness anxiety disorder
3. CSomatic symptom disorder
4. DConversion disorder

A voluntary patient asks to leave the ward now. While talking, he says he plans to jump from a bridge on the way home. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk him to promise that he will not jump, and then let him go home on his own
2. BStay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
3. CTell him to go home now and come back tomorrow morning when he feels calmer and safer
4. DLet him leave, because voluntary patients can always go when they want

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一名新生儿体重 6 lb 14 oz。按 1 lb = 16 oz 和 1 kg = 2.2 lb，求以千克表示的体重m。取到两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一个班次中，患者摄入了1½ 杯 / 茶, 8 fl oz / 果汁, ½ tbsp / 液体营养补充剂。按给出的等量关系，求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。

一名体重 88 kg 的患者体表面积为 1.79 m²。医嘱为 135 mg/m²。求剂量 D，以 mg 表示。

处方为 3300 单位的药物，药液规格为 5000 单位/mL。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

滴注以 50 gtt/min 的速度通过滴系数为 60 gtt/mL 的输液器。患者在 12 小时内接受多少毫升 V？

200 mg 药物溶于 250 mL 的输液以 30 mL/h 运行。患者每分钟接受多少微克 D？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 12 小时班次中的出入量。患者体重 50 kg。求平均尿量 U，以 mL/kg/h 计。 保留两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 1000 mL 的液体于 11:30 开始用输液泵以 150 mL/h 输注。到 16:30 时袋中还剩多少 mL V？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Braden 量表评估一位练习患者：感觉知觉: 轻度受限; 潮湿程度: 偶尔潮湿; 活动: 偶尔步行; 活动能力: 轻度受限; 营养: 非常差; 摩擦力和剪切力: 潜在问题。求 Braden 总分B。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 出生后 5 分钟，一名练习用新生儿的表现为：全身皮肤青紫或苍白，心率 60 次/分，刺激时做鬼脸，四肢松软，没有肌张力，无呼吸。 为 Apgar 评分并点击该评分的解读。

1. 1令人放心
2. 2中度异常
3. 3低