NCLEX 风格的优先排序与委派：速成包

Using the Emergency Severity Index, which level fits a 70-year-old with chest pressure that suggests a heart attack, but normal vital signs?

1. ALevel 2
2. BLevel 1
3. CLevel 5
4. DLevel 4

Which patient is the most appropriate to assign to an LPN/LVN?

1. AA patient who has just arrived from the emergency department with pneumonia and confusion
2. BA patient with a tracheostomy placed this morning who is coughing up blood
3. CA patient with a long-standing tracheostomy who needs routine suctioning and care
4. DA patient on a new IV medication that needs frequent titration

A patient wants to use their own electric hair dryer in the hospital. What is correct?

1. AIt can be plugged into an extension lead under the bed
2. BIt can be used straight away if it looks new
3. CIt can be used in the bathroom near the sink if the patient is careful
4. DIt is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis has been on treatment. Which findings usually allow airborne isolation to end?

1. AThe patient has been in hospital for one week and has taken every dose of medicine
2. BOne negative chest x-ray after starting treatment
3. CThree negative sputum smears, clinical improvement and continued therapy
4. DThe cough has stopped, even with no sputum tests

一名患者的血小板计数为 18 × 10³/µL。哪项护理措施是恰当的？

1. A患者头痛时给予处方的阿司匹林
2. B为准确起见，每四小时经直肠测体温
3. C使用软毛牙刷、电动剃须刀，不做肌内注射
4. D鼓励每天使用牙线两次，并用锋利的剃刀刮胡子

一名服用华法林、INR 稳定在 2.4 的患者开始使用环丙沙星等抗生素疗程。一周后 INR 为 4.6。最可能的解释是什么？

1. A增强华法林作用的药物相互作用
2. B抗生素治愈了患者对抗凝的需要
3. C患者吃了更多富含维生素 K 的食物
4. D唯一可能的解释是实验室误差

How is Helicobacter pylori infection usually treated?

1. AA combination of antibiotics with a proton pump inhibitor
2. BA single dose of paracetamol and a bland diet for a week
3. CAntacids alone, taken after every meal for a month
4. DSurgery to remove the stomach

A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal disease. Which infection control measure is usually needed?

1. AIsolation only after the patient has gone home
2. BDroplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
3. CNo precautions, because it is not contagious
4. DAirborne precautions with a negative-pressure room for the whole hospital stay

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage
2. BIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all
3. CIt turns the statin into a blood thinner
4. DIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAn acute asthma attack
2. BIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
3. CCommunity-acquired pneumonia
4. DSpontaneous pneumothorax

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut
2. BIt removes potassium through the kidneys
3. CIt moves potassium into the cells
4. DIt protects the heart from arrhythmias

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6.9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
2. BA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot
3. COral potassium supplements and rest
4. DLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation

哪种电解质模式是肿瘤溶解综合征的典型表现？

1. A钾和磷酸盐降低，钙升高
2. B钾、磷酸盐和尿酸升高；钙降低
3. C钠和钙升高，尿酸水平降低
4. D钾低、磷酸盐低、尿酸低

After forearm fracture surgery, a patient has severe pain not eased by opioids, made worse by passively moving the fingers. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the patient that this pain is expected
2. BApply ice and a tighter bandage to reduce the swelling
3. CRaise the arm as high as possible and give a further dose of opioid
4. DLoosen any tight dressing, keep the arm at heart level and escalate