II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1经皮起搏
2心肺复苏(不可电击心律)
3立即除颤
4同步电复律
13.优先排序与委派中等
A patient wants to leave the hospital against medical advice. What should the nurse do?
ALock the door so the patient cannot leave the unit
BLet the patient leave without telling anyone
CInform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
DHide the patient’s clothes and belongings until the provider arrives
14.优先排序与委派困难
A nurse returns to the station to find four messages. Which one is answered first?
AA colleague asks to swap shifts with them next week because of a family wedding
BA family member wants an update on their father’s progress
CThe pharmacy asks when the next delivery should be scheduled
DThe laboratory is calling with a critical potassium result of 2.6 mEq/L
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
在台面上打开无菌包时,应先打开哪一片包布?
A最容易够到的那片侧边包布
B离护士最远的一片
C同时打开所有包布
D离护士最近的一片
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A patient with fever and a spreading rash is suspected of having smallpox. Which precautions are needed?
AContact precautions only
BStandard precautions only
CDroplet precautions with a surgical mask
DAirborne and contact precautions
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A urine culture report states "mixed growth of three organisms, likely contamination." What is the nurse's best response?
ADiscard the report, because a mixed growth is always normal
BInform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
CRecord the result as a confirmed urinary tract infection
DStart treatment for all three organisms with three antibiotics
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
Four results arrive at the same time. Which patient should the nurse see first?
AINR 2.6 in a patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation
BGlucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L) in a patient who had insulin an hour ago
CWhite cell count 12.0 × 10³/µL on the first day after surgery
DHemoglobin 10.4 g/dL (104 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · Contemplation
为什么是这个答案
In the stages-of-change model, contemplation means considering change within about six months without a firm plan. Precontemplation means not thinking about change yet.
Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection and causes systemic signs such as fever and rigors, with flank pain. Cystitis usually causes local symptoms such as dysuria and frequency.
答案
A · Fever, rigors and loin pain
4.临床护理
答案: C · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
为什么是这个答案
Hypothermia reduces the brain's oxygen needs, and good recoveries have occurred after long resuscitation. Death is usually not confirmed until the patient has been rewarmed, unless injuries are clearly not survivable.
答案
C · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
答案: C · Inform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
为什么是这个答案
A competent adult has the right to leave. The nurse informs the provider, makes sure the patient understands the risks and documents it; holding the patient against their will may be false imprisonment.
答案
C · Inform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
14.优先排序与委派
答案: D · The laboratory is calling with a critical potassium result of 2.6 mEq/L
为什么是这个答案
A critical potassium of 2.6 mEq/L can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, so it is acted on first: the nurse assesses the patient and informs the provider. The other calls can wait.
答案
D · The laboratory is calling with a critical potassium result of 2.6 mEq/L
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · 离护士最远的一片
为什么是这个答案
先打开远端的包布,然后是两侧的包布,最后是近端的包布,这样护士就不会越过已暴露的无菌区伸手。
答案
B · 离护士最远的一片
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: D · Airborne and contact precautions
为什么是这个答案
Smallpox spreads by respiratory particles and by contact with lesions or contaminated items, so airborne and contact precautions are used. Only immunized staff should provide care where possible.
答案
D · Airborne and contact precautions
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
为什么是这个答案
Several organisms in one urine sample usually mean contamination from the skin or perineum during collection. The provider is informed, and a new clean-catch or catheter-port sample is usually needed before an infection can be confirmed.
答案
B · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · Glucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L) in a patient who had insulin an hour ago
为什么是这个答案
Hypoglycemia after insulin can quickly cause seizures and loss of consciousness, so it is treated first. Mild anemia in CKD is expected, an INR of 2.6 is within the target range, and a slightly raised white count is common after surgery.
答案
B · Glucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L) in a patient who had insulin an hour ago