A nurse teaches parents about firearm safety at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
B“We will ask other parents about guns before play dates.”
C“We keep all the ammunition locked away separately from the gun.”
D“We store the gun unloaded in a locked safe in the bedroom.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A pregnant woman's blood type is O Rh-negative, and her antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) is negative. What is usually offered at about 28 weeks?
AAn IV dose of vitamin K given for the fetus
BDaily oral iron and folic acid supplements only
CAnti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
DA transfusion of group O Rh-positive red cells
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient with acute kidney injury has a potassium of 6.8 mEq/L despite medical treatment, a pH of 7.12 and pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics. Which treatment is most likely needed?
AAn IV magnesium dose
BMore oral fluid
CA potassium supplement
DUrgent dialysis
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: B · Arrange the visit as soon as possible
为什么是这个答案
Spiritual care is an important part of end-of-life care. The nurse responds promptly to such requests and records the patient's wishes.
答案
B · Arrange the visit as soon as possible
2.护理学基础
答案: A · Strict hand hygiene by everyone who enters the room
为什么是这个答案
A neutropenic patient cannot fight infection well, and hand hygiene is the key protective measure. Other steps include a single room and keeping away visitors who are unwell.
答案
A · Strict hand hygiene by everyone who enters the room
3.临床护理
答案: B · It increases the risk of wound infection, bleeding and cardiac complications
为什么是这个答案
Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia impairs clotting and immune function and increases cardiac events and wound infection. Patients are warmed actively and their temperature monitored.
答案
B · It increases the risk of wound infection, bleeding and cardiac complications
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 8.5 × 0.04 = 0.34 s
RR = 21 × 0.04 = 0.84 s
Bazett 公式
QTc = 0.34/√0.84 = 0.34/0.9165 = 0.371 s
答案
QTc = 0.371 s
在通常上限之内(男性约 0.45 s,女性约 0.46 s)。(371 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: PR 间期
每条心电图的五个步骤:1. 心率(300 法或 1500 法;若不规则则用 6 秒法);2. 节律:R–R 间期是否相等;3. P 波:是否存在、在 II 导联直立、每个 QRS 之前各有一个且形态一致;4. PR 间期:0.12–0.20 s 且恒定;5. QRS 时限:低于 0.12 s。五个步骤做完之后才命名节律。正常窦性心律五项全部符合:60–100 次/分,规则,每个 QRS 之前有直立 P 波,PR 0.12–0.20 s,QRS 低于 0.12 s。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 19 个小格,1500 ÷ 19 ≈ 79 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 0.76 s。
3. P 波:直立,每个 QRS 之前各有一个,形态一致。
4. PR 间期:0.32 s,恒定,长于 0.20 s。
5. QRS:0.08 s,狭窄(低于 0.12 s)。
第一个异常的步骤
PR 间期 → 一度房室传导阻滞
答案
PR 间期
13.优先排序与委派
答案: B · Massage the fundus
为什么是这个答案
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Fundal massage helps the uterus contract; the nurse then calls for help and gives prescribed uterotonics if bleeding continues.
答案: A · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
为什么是这个答案
Firearms in homes with children should be stored unloaded and locked, with ammunition stored separately and locked. Telling children not to touch a gun does not reliably prevent injuries.
答案
A · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: C · Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
为什么是这个答案
An Rh-negative mother can form anti-D antibodies if Rh-positive fetal blood enters her circulation, which can cause hemolytic disease in a later pregnancy. Anti-D immunoglobulin at about 28 weeks and after delivery of an Rh-positive baby prevents this sensitization.
答案
C · Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Urgent dialysis
为什么是这个答案
Indications for urgent dialysis in AKI include refractory hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, fluid overload not responding to diuretics, uremic complications and some poisonings. This patient has three of them.