练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dobutamine 250 mg、容量 250 mL 的输液以 34 mL/h 输注。患者体重 94 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
250 mg/250 mL34 mL/h94 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
11.药学计算中等
一种溶液的比例浓度为 1:1000。你需要 0.77 mg。请在 1 mL 注射器中抽取该体积:这是多少体积 V?
1:10000.77 mg
V = mL
12.药学计算困难
一瓶含 2000 mg 粉末。你加入 3.2 mL 稀释液,粉末增加 0.8 mL 的体积。处方剂量为 300 mg。请抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
2000 mg3.2 mL + 0.8 mL300 mg
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: T = 39.8 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9,°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。从 °F 换算时先减 32 再乘,从 °C 换算时先乘再加 32。快速核对:37 °C 为 98.6 °F,每 1 °C 相当于 1.8 °F。
减去 32
103.7 − 32 = 71.7
乘以 5/9
T = 71.7·5/9 = 39.83 ≈ 39.8 °C
答案
T = 39.8 °C
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: D = 16.7 mcg/min
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
列出换算链
D = 1 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
计算
D = 1000/60 = 16.67 ≈ 16.7 mcg/min
答案
D = 16.7 mcg/min
3.剂量计算
答案: D = 75.75 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
剂量
D = 75·1.01 = 75.75 mg
答案
D = 75.75 mg
4.剂量计算
答案: V = 22.9 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
134.2/2.2 = 61 kg
剂量
15·61 = 915 mg
体积
V = (915/40)·1 = 22.88 ≈ 22.9 mL
答案
V = 22.9 mL
5.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 150 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
原速率
1000/8 = 125 mL/h
新速率
R = 300/2 = 150 mL/h
答案
R = 150 mL/h
许多医院允许在不重开医嘱的情况下进行不超过 25% 的此类调整;请查阅本院规定。
6.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 30 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).