一种溶液的比例浓度为 1:1000。你需要 0.78 mg。请在 1 mL 注射器中抽取该体积:这是多少体积 V?
1:10000.78 mg
V = mL
12.药学计算困难
一瓶含 250 mg 粉末。你加入 4.2 mL 稀释液,粉末增加 0.8 mL 的体积。处方剂量为 240 mg。请抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
250 mg4.2 mL + 0.8 mL240 mg
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: m = 4.83 kg
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
盎司换算为磅
10 oz/16 = 0.625 lb
10 + 0.625 = 10.63 lb
磅换算为千克
m = 10.63/2.2 = 4.83 kg
答案
m = 4.83 kg
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: V = 187.5 mL
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
½ fl oz = 0.5·30 = 15 mL
½ 杯 = 0.5·240 = 120 mL
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
相加
V = 15 + 120 + 7.5 + 45 = 187.5 mL
答案
V = 187.5 mL
3.剂量计算
答案: D = 200 mg
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
每日总量
5·80 = 400 mg
每次剂量
D = 400/2 = 200 mg
答案
D = 200 mg
4.剂量计算
答案: D = 153.9 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面积
BSA = √(158·54/3600) = √2.37 = 1.539 m²
剂量
D = 100·1.539 = 153.9 mg
答案
D = 153.9 mg
5.静脉输液速度
答案: V = 480 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
速度(mL/h)
40·60/15 = 160 mL/h
体积
V = 160·3 = 480 mL
答案
V = 480 mL
6.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 30 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).