一种溶液的比例浓度为 1:1000。你需要 0.67 mg。请在 1 mL 注射器中抽取该体积:这是多少体积 V?
1:10000.67 mg
V = mL
12.药学计算困难
练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 你须用 20% 的原液和纯化水配制 300 mL 4% 的chlorhexidine。需要多少 mL 水 V?取整到最接近的整数 mL。
20%0%4%300 mL
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: m = 3.24 kg
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
盎司换算为磅
2 oz/16 = 0.125 lb
7 + 0.125 = 7.125 lb
磅换算为千克
m = 7.125/2.2 = 3.239 ≈ 3.24 kg
答案
m = 3.24 kg
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: V = 455 mL
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
2 tbsp = 2·15 = 30 mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
8 fl oz = 8·30 = 240 mL
¾ 杯 = 0.75·240 = 180 mL
相加
V = 30 + 5 + 240 + 180 = 455 mL
答案
V = 455 mL
3.剂量计算
答案: V = 1.2 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合后的浓度
1000 mg/4 mL = 250 mg/mL
体积
V = 300/250 = 1.2 mL
答案
V = 1.2 mL
4.剂量计算
答案: V₁ = 4 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
储备液的容量
V₁ = 0.5·200/25 = 4 mL
答案
V₁ = 4 mL
5.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 25 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.