Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
浓度
1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL
药物质量
m = 10·10 = 100 mg
答案
m = 100 mg
4.剂量计算
答案: D = 24.53 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面积
BSA = √(105·33/3600) = √0.9625 = 0.9811 m²
剂量
D = 25·0.9811 = 24.53 mg
答案
D = 24.53 mg
5.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 120 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
每分钟毫升数
120/60 = 2 mL/min
滴速
R = 2·60 = 120 gtt/min
答案
R = 120 gtt/min
使用微滴输液器(60 gtt/mL)时,gtt/min 等于 mL/h。
6.静脉输液速度
答案: D = 133.3 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).