练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一名成人体重 121 kg,身高 168 cm。计算 BMI 并点击 WHO 体重分类。
121 kg168 cm
1体重过轻
2健康体重
3超重
4肥胖 I 级
5肥胖 II 级
6肥胖 III 级
7.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸中等
A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?
AHearing loss after every dose
BAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
CA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
DAn increased risk of pneumonia
8.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸困难
A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?
AContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
BEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
CGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
DRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
体质指数:BMI = 体重(kg)/身高(m)²,身高要先换算为米。使用磅和英寸时,BMI = 703 × 体重(lb)/身高(in)²。WHO 成人分类:低于 18.5 为体重过轻,18.5–24.9 为健康体重,25.0–29.9 为超重,30.0–34.9 为肥胖 I 级,35.0–39.9 为肥胖 II 级,40 及以上为肥胖 III 级。
BMI
BMI = 121/1.68² = 42.87
分类
肥胖 III 级
答案
肥胖 III 级
7.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸
答案: D · An increased risk of pneumonia
为什么是这个答案
In COPD, inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of pneumonia. They are used where there are frequent exacerbations or features of asthma, and their benefit is weighed against this risk. Signs of pneumonia should be reported promptly.
答案
D · An increased risk of pneumonia
8.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸
答案: B · Escalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
为什么是这个答案
Worsening acidosis and consciousness on NIV mean treatment is failing. Senior review is needed to decide on intubation and ventilation or, if agreed in advance, a ceiling of care. Ideally the plan for NIV failure is documented when NIV is started. Sedation would depress breathing further.
答案
B · Escalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care