练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一名成人体重 144 kg,身高 163 cm。计算 BMI 并点击 WHO 体重分类。
144 kg163 cm
1体重过轻
2健康体重
3超重
4肥胖 I 级
5肥胖 II 级
6肥胖 III 级
7.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸中等
A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?
ATroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
BThe first sample is always contaminated
CTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
DThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
8.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸困难
After chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with reduced breath sounds on the left. Which finding suggests a haemothorax rather than a tension pneumothorax?
体质指数:BMI = 体重(kg)/身高(m)²,身高要先换算为米。使用磅和英寸时,BMI = 703 × 体重(lb)/身高(in)²。WHO 成人分类:低于 18.5 为体重过轻,18.5–24.9 为健康体重,25.0–29.9 为超重,30.0–34.9 为肥胖 I 级,35.0–39.9 为肥胖 II 级,40 及以上为肥胖 III 级。
BMI
BMI = 144/1.63² = 54.2
分类
肥胖 III 级
答案
肥胖 III 级
7.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸
答案: C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
为什么是这个答案
Troponin starts to rise within hours of myocardial injury, so a very early result can be normal. Protocols use serial measurements at set intervals, with the ECG and clinical picture, to diagnose or exclude MI. A rising pattern supports acute injury.
答案
C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
8.内外科护理:心血管与呼吸
答案: D · Dullness to percussion on the affected side
为什么是这个答案
Blood in the pleural space gives a dull percussion note, whereas air gives hyper-resonance. In haemothorax the neck veins are often flat because of blood loss; in tension pneumothorax they are distended. A massive haemothorax needs a large chest drain, blood replacement and surgical review.