阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Last summer, the town held its first food festival. More than 5000 people came, and the local restaurants sold out of food by evening. The mayor has already announced a second festival for next year.” Why most likely did the mayor announce a second festival?
“The old bookshop had survived two wars and a fire. When a huge chain store opened across the street, people expected it to close. Instead, loyal customers organised a reading club there, and sales rose.” What is the central idea?
某诊所一个上午接诊的患者年龄为 11, 23, 11, 3, 12, 27, 12, 11。众数 M 是多少?
一场医院募捐活动有 36 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 1/2,第二天卖出剩余票数的 1/2。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
哪条神经支配膈肌?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
心电图上的 QRS 波群代表什么?
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
Which statement best describes biological evolution?
Why are there usually far fewer top predators than herbivores in an ecosystem?
What is the mass of 0.5 mol of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g/mol)?
在 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O 中,4 g 氢气(摩尔质量 2 g/mol)与足量氧气反应。生成多少质量的水(摩尔质量 18 g/mol)?
Choose the correct word: “After the fall, the patient was ___ but confused.”
Choose the correct verb: “Not only the students but also the teacher ___ excited.”
What does the root my/o refer to?
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
答案: B · The first festival was a big success.
Large crowds and sold-out restaurants show the festival was successful, which is the likely reason for holding another.
答案: B · Community support helped the bookshop survive.
People expected the shop to close, but loyal customers formed a reading club and sales rose, showing that community support kept it going.
答案: M = 11
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: x = 9
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: C · 膈神经
膈神经(神经根 C3–C5)是膈肌的运动神经。因此 C3 以上的高位颈髓损伤会使自主呼吸停止。
答案: D · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: C · 心室去极化
P 波是心房去极化,QRS 波群是心室去极化,T 波是心室复极化。心房复极化被掩盖在 QRS 中。
答案: B · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: D · Change in the inherited traits of a population over generations
Evolution is a change in the frequency of inherited traits in a population over many generations. Growth, development and seasonal migration are changes within a lifetime and are not evolution.
答案: D · Energy is lost at each step, leaving little for the top level
Only about a tenth of the energy at each level passes to the next, because much is used for movement and lost as heat. After several levels, the energy available supports only a small number of top predators.
答案: A · 29.25 g
0.5 mol × 58.5 g/mol = 29.25 g. Dividing instead of multiplying gives 117, which has the wrong units.
答案: D · 36 g
4 g H₂ = 2 mol;H₂ : H₂O 的比例为 1 : 1,所以 2 mol H₂O = 2 × 18 = 36 g。
答案: C · conscious
“Conscious” means awake and aware. “Conscience” is a sense of right and wrong, and “conscientious” means careful and hard-working.
答案: C · is
Like “either … or” and “neither … nor”, the correlative “not only … but also” makes the verb agree with the closer subject, “the teacher”, which is singular.
答案: B · Muscle
My/o means muscle: myocardium is heart muscle and myalgia muscle pain.
答案: C · A sign is observed by others; a symptom is felt by the patient
Signs are objective findings that others can see or measure, such as a rash or fever; symptoms are subjective, like pain or nausea.
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