阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Dear residents, the lift (elevator) in Block A will be out of service from Monday to Wednesday. We apologise for the inconvenience. Residents who need help with heavy items may call the caretaker.” What is the main purpose of the message?
Read the sentences: (1) Finally, the nurse records the result. (2) First, the nurse washes her hands. (3) Next, she places the thermometer under the patient’s tongue. (4) Then she waits for the beep and reads the number. Which order is correct?
一位跑步者记录了 6 天里的跑步距离(单位:千米):23, 3, 15, 25, 35, 33。极差 R 是多少?
春天的一天里,室外温度上升了 12 °C。它上升了多少华氏度 Δ?
股骨头与哪个结构构成关节?
惯用右手的人发生左侧大脑中动脉卒中,最可能出现:
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
肾小球出球小动脉收缩而入球小动脉不变时,往往会:
一名学生检验光照量如何影响菜豆植株的生长。哪一项应是控制变量?
A cube-shaped cell has sides of 2 µm. What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?
pH 为 3 的溶液与 pH 为 5 的溶液相比如何?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy places a patient in a chamber with oxygen at higher than normal pressure. Why does this raise the oxygen dissolved in blood plasma?
Choose the correct word: “The charge nurse ___ the meeting yesterday.”
What is the function of the underlined word? “Swimming is good exercise for the heart.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The footballer had a large contusion on his thigh.”
Choose the meaning of the words in bold: “The abdominal pain was localised rather than diffuse.”
答案: A · To inform residents about the lift and offer help
The message tells residents the lift will be out of service and offers the caretaker’s help with heavy items.
答案: D · 2, 3, 4, 1
The signal words give the order: First (2), Next (3), Then (4), Finally (1).
答案: R = 32
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: Δ = 21.6 °F
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: A · 髋臼
髋臼是髋骨上的杯状窝,由髂骨、坐骨和耻骨共同构成。关节盂是肩关节的关节窝。
答案: A · 右侧无力和失语
左侧大脑中动脉供应左侧运动皮层(右侧面部和手臂)以及布洛卡区和韦尼克区,因此典型表现是右侧偏瘫伴失语。
答案: B · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: A · 升高肾小球毛细血管压和 GFR
出球小动脉收缩把血液留在肾小球中,使其压力和 GFR 升高。血管紧张素 II 就是这样起作用的,这也是 ACE 抑制剂可能降低 GFR 的原因。
答案: D · 每株植物得到的水量
光照是自变量,植株高度是因变量。水、土壤、花盆大小和植物种类必须保持相同。
答案: C · 3 : 1
Surface area = 6 × 2² = 24 µm² and volume = 2³ = 8 µm³, so the ratio is 24 : 8 = 3 : 1. A 1 µm cube has a ratio of 6 : 1, which shows that the ratio falls as a cell grows.
答案: D · 氢离子多 100 倍
pH 是对数标度:相差 2 个单位意味着 H⁺ 浓度相差 10² = 100 倍,pH 较低的酸性更强。
答案: B · Gas solubility in a liquid increases with the partial pressure of the gas
Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolving in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. Raising the oxygen partial pressure dissolves more O₂ in plasma.
答案: D · led
The past tense of “lead” (to guide) is “led”. “Lead” spelled this way is the present tense or the name of a metal.
答案: B · It is a gerund used as the subject.
A gerund is an -ing verb form used as a noun. Here “swimming” is the subject of the verb “is”.
答案: B · A bruise
A contusion is a bruise caused by a blow that damages small blood vessels under the skin.
答案: B · Limited to one area, not widespread
Localised means confined to one place, while diffuse means spread over a wide area.
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