阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The warranty covers repairs for two years from the date of purchase. It does not cover damage caused by dropping the device or by water.” Which repair would the warranty cover?
The author writes: “Online reviews are useful when choosing a restaurant. Still, readers should remember that people are more likely to write a review after a very good or very bad experience.” What is the author warning about?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 0 小时到第 6 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
一个储物盒是长 14 cm、宽 25 cm、高 12 cm 的长方体。它的体积 V 是多少立方厘米?
交感神经系统从哪些脊髓节段离开中枢神经系统?
后纵隔内有哪个结构?
肾上腺皮质在 ACTH 作用下释放哪种激素?
某患者动脉血气显示 pH 7.30、PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa(59 mmHg)、碳酸氢盐正常。最可能的紊乱是什么?
Which is an example of negative feedback?
A man has Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Which error most likely produced it?
In the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, what does n stand for?
Why does a sodium ion (Na⁺) have almost the same mass as a sodium atom?
Choose the correct verb: “The news from the lab ___ encouraging.”
Put these sentences in the most logical order: (1) As a result, she was admitted for observation. (2) The patient arrived with chest pain. (3) Her ECG showed abnormal results.
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The old infection control policy is now obsolete.”
Which word means “a doctor who specialises in the treatment of cancer”?
答案: B · A fault that appears after one year of normal use
A fault within two years from normal use is covered. Drops and water damage are excluded, and three years is beyond the time limit.
答案: B · Reviews may not reflect typical experiences.
If mostly very happy or very unhappy customers write reviews, the reviews may not show what a typical visit is like.
答案: Δ = 30
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: V = 4200 cm³
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: B · 胸段和上腰段(T1–L2)
交感神经节前神经元位于 T1 至 L2 的侧角。副交感神经系统为颅骶部输出。
答案: D · 食管
后纵隔内有食管、降主动脉、奇静脉和胸导管。心脏和升主动脉在中纵隔;胸腺在上纵隔和前纵隔。
答案: A · 皮质醇
垂体前叶的 ACTH 刺激束状带释放皮质醇。肾上腺素来自肾上腺髓质。
答案: D · 急性呼吸性酸中毒
pH 低且 CO₂ 高,提示呼吸性酸中毒。碳酸氢盐尚未升高,说明肾脏还没有代偿:这是急性的。
答案: B · Sweating when body temperature rises
In negative feedback, a change triggers a response that brings the value back towards normal. Rising temperature causes sweating, which cools the body. Most homeostatic control works this way.
答案: A · Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in a parent
An extra whole chromosome usually comes from nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis. For example, an XY sperm fertilising an X egg, or an XX egg fertilised by a Y sperm, gives XXY.
答案: B · The number of moles of gas
P is pressure, V volume, n the amount in moles, R the gas constant and T the kelvin temperature.
答案: B · The only difference is one electron, which has a tiny mass
Na⁺ forms when a sodium atom loses one electron. An electron's mass is about 1/1836 of a proton's, so the mass barely changes; the nucleus stays the same.
答案: D · is
“News” is an uncountable noun and takes a singular verb, like mathematics and measles.
答案: D · 2, 3, 1
The paragraph moves in time and from cause to effect: arrival with chest pain, then the abnormal test, then the admission introduced by “As a result”.
答案: B · Out of date
Obsolete means no longer used or out of date.
答案: A · Oncologist
An oncologist specialises in cancer; onc/o means tumour and -logist means specialist.
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