阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Instructions for a blood pressure monitor: “Sit quietly for five minutes. Rest your arm on a table at heart level. Do not talk during the reading.” Which action would go against these instructions?
“Patients must not eat or drink after midnight before surgery. Small sips of water to take morning medicines are allowed only if the surgeon has agreed.” A patient’s surgeon has agreed. What may the patient do at 7 a.m.?
一本教科书的价格从 $410 变为 $287。 减少的百分数是多少 p?
2 个连续整数的和是 13。 其中最大的是多少 x?
臂丛由哪些脊神经根组成?
门静脉高压时,食管静脉曲张形成于哪个门-体静脉吻合处?
既然动作电位是"全或无"的,神经元如何传递更强的刺激?
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
What does it mean that a person's blood is Rh negative?
肌肉细胞消耗大量能量。你预计它们会大量拥有哪种细胞器?
Why does keeping food in a refrigerator slow down spoilage?
A student tests whether water temperature affects how fast sugar dissolves. Which set of factors should be kept the same in every trial?
Choose the correct word: “He ran ___ than anyone else in the race.”
Which choice best combines the sentences? “The clinic is new. It has six exam rooms.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s pulse was rapid and thready.”
Which word is closest in meaning to imminent?
答案: C · Chatting with a friend while the cuff inflates
The instructions say not to talk during the reading, so chatting would go against them. The other choices follow the steps.
答案: C · Take morning medicines with a small sip of water
Nothing may be eaten or drunk after midnight, except small sips of water for medicines when the surgeon agrees. This patient has that agreement.
答案: p = 30 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: x = 7
应用题:给未知数命名(例如 x = 月数),把已知事实写成一个方程,解出它,并检查答案在题目情境中是否合理。固定费用加上每单位的费率,得到总额 = 费用 + 费率 × 单位数。
答案: D · C5 至 T1
臂丛由 C5、C6、C7、C8 和 T1 的前支组成,发出上肢的主要神经。
答案: C · 胃左静脉与奇静脉的食管属支之间
在食管下段,胃左静脉中的门静脉血与汇入奇静脉系统的食管静脉中的体循环血相汇。门静脉压力升高使这些静脉扩张。
答案: D · 更频繁地发放动作电位
刺激强度由动作电位的频率和被募集的神经元数量编码,而不是由其幅度编码。
答案: D · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: B · Their red cells lack the RhD antigen
Rh-positive red cells carry the RhD antigen and Rh-negative cells do not. An Rh-negative person can make anti-D antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive blood.
答案: C · 线粒体
活动的肌肉需要大量 ATP,所以肌肉细胞中布满线粒体,有氧呼吸就在其中进行。
答案: A · Lower temperatures slow down chemical and microbial reactions
At lower temperatures, fewer particles have enough energy to react, and microbial enzymes work slowly. Spoilage reactions therefore happen more slowly. The activation energy itself does not change.
答案: B · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
For a fair test, every factor except the independent variable (temperature) must be controlled. Otherwise a change in dissolving time could be caused by something else, such as more stirring or finer sugar.
答案: A · faster
Short adjectives and adverbs form the comparative with -er: faster. “More faster” doubles the comparison.
答案: B · The new clinic has six exam rooms.
A turns “is new” into the adjective “new”, giving one clear sentence. B is a comma splice, C misplaces the comma and D adds an unneeded pronoun.
答案: D · Weak and hard to feel
A thready pulse is weak and difficult to feel, as can happen in shock.
答案: D · Impending
Imminent and impending both describe something that is about to happen.
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