阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A patient reads: “Take this medicine on an empty stomach, one hour before breakfast.” She usually eats breakfast at 8 a.m. When should she take the medicine?
Passage 1: “Electric cars produce no exhaust while driving.” Passage 2: “The electricity used to charge cars may come from power plants that burn coal.” How does Passage 2 relate to Passage 1?
一份潘趣酒配方可做 0.5 加仑。那是多少杯 x?
在地图上,1 cm 代表 50 km。两个城镇相距 250 km。它们在地图上相距多远 x(单位:厘米)?
下列哪个器官位于腹膜后?
垂体肿瘤向上生长,导致双眼外侧(颞侧)半视野缺失。视觉通路在哪里受压?
醛固酮对肾脏的主要作用是什么?
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
How are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related?
A student puts a fertilised plant in a sunny window and an unfertilised plant in a dark cupboard. The fertilised plant grows more. What is the main flaw?
How does electronegativity change going down a group?
Making ammonia (N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃) is exothermic. A low temperature would give a higher yield, yet factories use a moderately high temperature. Why?
Which sentence uses the plural “doctors” correctly?
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “Exhausted after the long shift, the nurse fell asleep.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient had a laceration on her scalp after the fall.”
What does the term hyperlipidaemia mean?
答案: C · At 7 a.m.
One hour before an 8 a.m. breakfast is 7 a.m. Taking it with or after food would not be on an empty stomach.
答案: A · It adds a point that complicates its claim.
Passage 2 does not deny that electric cars have no exhaust, but it points out that pollution may still come from producing the electricity. It complicates the picture.
答案: x = 8 杯
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 5 cm
速率与比例尺:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间,时间要用答案所需的单位(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h,因为 15 min = 15/60 h)。地图比例尺是一个比例:地图上的 1 cm 代表地面上的固定距离,所以把地图距离乘以它。
答案: A · 肾
肾位于壁腹膜后方。胃、脾和横结肠是腹膜内位器官,有系膜或韧带。
答案: B · 视交叉
双颞侧偏盲是由于视交叉处交叉的鼻侧纤维受压所致,视交叉正好位于垂体上方。
答案: A · 在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
醛固酮作用于远端小管和集合管,增加 Na⁺ 重吸收和 K⁺ 分泌。水随钠一起被重吸收,使血容量增加。
答案: C · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: D · The products of one are the reactants of the other
Photosynthesis uses CO₂ and water to make glucose and O₂. Respiration uses glucose and O₂ and releases CO₂ and water. Plants carry out both; animals carry out only respiration.
答案: D · Two variables were changed, so the cause is unclear
Both fertiliser and light differ between the plants, so the extra growth could be due to either. A fair test changes only the independent variable and keeps everything else the same.
答案: A · It decreases
Going down a group, the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so the atom attracts bonding electrons less strongly. Electronegativity decreases.
答案: B · At low temperatures the reaction is too slow to be useful
Lowering the temperature favours ammonia at equilibrium, but makes the reaction very slow. A compromise temperature with an iron catalyst gives an acceptable yield quickly. High pressure is also used to favour ammonia.
答案: B · Three doctors joined the team.
An apostrophe shows possession or a contraction, not a plural. “Doctors” is the plain plural of “doctor”.
答案: C · A participial phrase describing “the nurse”
“Exhausted after the long shift” is a participial phrase that acts as an adjective and modifies “the nurse”, which comes right after the comma.
答案: A · A torn or jagged cut
A laceration is a wound in which the skin is torn or cut, often with irregular edges.
答案: B · High levels of fat in the blood
Hyperlipidaemia (US: hyperlipidemia) is a raised level of lipids, such as cholesterol, in the blood.
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